Fragrant Täubling
| Fragrant Täubling | ||||||||||||
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Fragrant blubber ( Russula odorata ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Russula odorata | ||||||||||||
| Romagn. |
The Fragrant Bluebird or Fragrant Dwarf Bluebird ( Russula odorata ) is a species of fungus from the family of the Bluebird relatives (Russulaceae). The small to medium-sized blubber with the reddish to purple-brown hat is characterized by its rich yellow spore powder, the mild taste and the sweet, mirabelle-like odor. It likes to grow in parks under old oaks.
features
Macroscopic features
The hat is 2–6 cm wide and often bent irregularly, reddish to purple-brown, also dirty purple to lilac-brown and often with coppery spots. Young fruit bodies are sometimes ruby red, ripe fruit bodies are often very pale and more or less pale red, gray-orange to bronze-olive in color. The middle is usually darker red-brownish or copper-colored and sometimes has an olive tinge. Occasionally you can also find cream-whitish specimens with an ocher center or shapes with very light, sometimes almost white hats. As a rule, there are no normally colored specimens in such collections. At least in old age, the edge of the hat is clearly ridged up to halfway. The hat skin is easy to peel off and is only young or a bit greasy in damp weather.
The lamellae are brittle, pale yellow when young, later deep yellow to ocher yellow. The spore powder is ocher yellow ( IVc according to Romagnesi ).
The initially whitish stalk is 2.0-4.0 cm long and 0.5-1.0 cm wide. It soon becomes hollow-chambered (cavernous) and with age mostly hollow and becomes yellowish to brown-blotchy at the base.
The whitish flesh is extremely brittle, feeding spots and stem caverns are slightly yellowing. The taste is mild, only the lamellae of young specimens sometimes taste sharp. The smell is very clear and very characteristic, immediately after taking in the deafblings smells geranium-like, similar to the bilious deafblings, but soon the smell is pleasantly fruity-sweet or mirabelle-like. Only in rare cases is the odor weak.
Chemical color reactions
The stalk reacts with guaiac within 30 seconds and turns an intense ink blue. With iron sulfate, the meat turns pale orange to pale pinkish-brown within 2 minutes.
Microscopic features
The spores are 6.5–8.5 (9.0) µm long and 6.0–7.0 (7.5) µm wide. The spore ornament is up to 1.0 µm high and is usually colored intensely. It shows clearly branched to unbranched ridges. There are only a few rounded and isolated warts. The hillock is often clearly amyloid.
The Pileocystiden are cylindrical to slightly clubbed, 50–70 µm long and 3.5–6.0 µm (in rare cases up to 8 µm), wide and divided by regularly arranged septa. With sulfovanillin, they turn grayish to blackish.
Species delimitation
Smaller blotches with a purple or purple hat color and a mild taste. Spore powder ocher yellow.
- The alternately colored yolk-horned blubber appears early in deciduous and coniferous forests, the spore powder color is darker and the stalk is at most weakly yellow. A distinct fruity odor may appear as it passes away. The spore ornament is isolated warty and primordial hyphae can be detected in the cap skin.
- The pine deaf is a species that appears late in the year and prefers to appear under pines. The stem turns gray with age and moisture and only rarely and weakly yellows. The smell is insignificant. The spore ornament is burr like in Russula odorata , but on average lower (approx. 0.75 µm).
- Russula carpini is a typical summer species. The hat is usually larger at 2.5–12 cm. The hornbeam occurs under hornbeams on more or less loamy soils and is quite rare. Its spore powder is darker and its stem is more yellow.
- The rare Russula nauseosa appears early under spruce trees. His spore powder is also yellow. The stem turns gray, especially when watered, but only weakly yellows. The smell is slightly fruity. The spore ornament is isolated warty, the dermatocystidia are more clubbed.
ecology
The scented deafblings, like all deafblings, are a mycorrhizal fungus that has a symbiotic relationship with old oaks and sometimes with hornbeams .
As a typical type of park, the species particularly likes to appear in parks under old oaks. Sometimes they are also found on grassy to slightly herbaceous forest roadsides. They are less common in forests, but in mild locations they can also be found in acidic or heat-loving mixed oak forests.
The Täubling likes loamy soils that are more or less mixed with sand. It can also be found on clay-mixed sands and less often on gley floors. The soil should be moderately humic, slightly more acidic (pH values between 5 and 6) and fresh. The mushroom prefers partially shaded locations.
The fruiting bodies appear from mid-June to early November with a maximum from July to August.
distribution
The Scented Täubling is a temperate, (sub) Atlantic species, occurs in North Africa (Morocco), in western North America and in Europe.
In Germany the Täubling occurs from the coast to Bavaria. However, it is much more common in the north German flat and hill country than in the south, where it is listed in the red list in the risk category RL2 in many federal states.
Systematics
Inquiry systematics
The scented deaf is the type of sub-section Odoratinae , which is within the section Tenellae . The representatives of the subsection have a clear, pleasant, often geranium-like odor and a more or less mild taste. The spore powder is variable, cream-colored, ocher or yellow. The meat is yellow but not gray.
Subspecies and varieties
- Russula odorata var. Rutilans Sarnari (1986)
- Almost the same as the type, but with a bright red or cherry red hat and a blackish crimson center that does not fade. Slight or no yellowing in the stem.
- Russula odorata var. Subtomentosa Sarnari (1993)
- Almost the same as the type species but with a larger hat (7–9 cm) and with a dry, velvety hat skin.
meaning
The French Society for Mycology classifies the mushroom as edible, but because of its rarity one should refrain from consuming the mushroom.
literature
- Russula odorata. In: Russula database. CBS Fungal Biodiversity Center, accessed December 20, 2010 .
- Monographic Key to European Russulas (1988). (PDF; 1.4 MB) In: English translation by M. Bons Russula key :. The Russulales Website, p. 60 , archived from the original on July 28, 2010 ; Retrieved December 20, 2010 .
- H. Romagnesi: Russula odorata. In: Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord (1967). MycoBank, the Fungal website, accessed December 20, 2010 (French).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Erich Jahn: Russula odorata Romagn., A common deaf with Atlantic distribution. In: Westphalian mushroom letters. (PDF, 0.6 MB) Retrieved March 25, 2011.
- ↑ Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , p. 62 .
- ↑ Fragrant dwarf bling . Portrait No. 1 ,. In: Der Tintling: the mushroom newspaper . tape 8 , 1997, ISSN 1430-595X ( online (PDF; 232 kB) - detailed portrait of a light form of the scented deaf with description and micro-characteristics.).
- ↑ a b German Josef Krieglsteiner (ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 516.
- ↑ Belgian List 2012 - Russula virescens. Accessed June 7, 2012 (Täubling rare: Vulnerable).
- ↑ Karel Tejkal: www.myko.cz/myko-atlas - Russula odorata. In: www.myko.cz. Retrieved February 6, 2016 (cz).
- ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula odorata. (No longer available online.) In: data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on January 28, 2015 ; Retrieved August 21, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Mirca Zotti include: The macrofungal checklist of Liguria (Italy) . In: Mycotaxon . tape 105 , 2008, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 167–170 ( online (PDF; 351 kB) [accessed on August 31, 2011]).
- ↑ Russula odorata in the PilzOek database. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved August 21, 2011 .
- ↑ Mushrooms and Fungi of Poland Index: R. (No longer available online.) In: grzyby.pl. Archived from the original on September 14, 2011 ; Retrieved August 22, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; Retrieved September 29, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Roger Phillips: Russula odorata. ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Rogers Mushrooms. Retrieved December 20, 2010.
- ↑ Mushrooms classified as edible by the French Society for Mycology. www.PilzPilz.de, accessed on March 26, 2011 .
Web links
- Fragrant Täubling. In: www.pilzkunde-ruhr.de. Working Group Pilzkunde Ruhr, accessed on June 1, 2014 .
- Karin Montag: The scented dwarf bling (Russula odorata) in the virtual mushroom book. In: Tintling.com . Retrieved June 1, 2014 .
- Russula odorata. In: Russulales News . Bart Buyck, accessed on June 1, 2014 (English, photos, nomenclature and original Latin diagnosis).