Sharp-combed blubber
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The sharp-combed deafblings ( Russula pectinata ) |
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| Russula pectinata | ||||||||||||
| ( Bull. ) Ms. |
The Schärfliche Käubling or Stinkende Käubling ( Russula pectinata ) is a fungus from the family of the Täubling related . It is a rare, medium-sized Täubling with a more or less ocher-yellow colored hat that smells fruity to disgusting and tastes clearly sharp. The comb-like ribbed edge of the hat is typical of his relatives.
features
Macroscopic features
The hat can be between 4 and 10 cm wide, but is usually 5–6 cm wide. It is relatively fleshy and more or less ocher yellow, sometimes almost brownish in the middle and more vivid to straw yellow in color at the edge. There are also grayish-yellow or hazelnut to bread-brown shades. The sharp-edged edge is long, comb-like and furrowed with bumps (up to 1/3 of the radius). The damp, shiny, otherwise dull skin is difficult to peel off.
The lamellae are quite close to distant and are initially whitish cream-colored and later cream-ocher. They are often brown spotted and connected with strong cross veins. The 4 up to 10 mm high lamellae do not water. The spore powder is cream-colored ( IIb-c according to Romagnesi ).
The almost club-like stem is quite short, about 2–4 (–5) cm long and 1 (–2) cm wide. It is whitish-gray and finally more gray-brownish and sometimes has red spots at the base. However, the base of the handle cannot be stained with ammonia.
The meat is yellowish under the hat skin and tastes disgusting and clearly spicy. It also tastes very hot in the slats. The Täubling smells quite fruity and at the same time more or less disgusting. The meat reacts reddish-gray with iron sulfate and strongly positive with guaiac .
Microscopic features
The 6.5–8 µm long and 5–6 µm wide spores are oval or elongated. Usually they are more or less warty, but sometimes also slightly burr, prickly and sometimes connected to one another. The warts are up to 0.75 µm high. The apiculus measures 1.5 × 1–1.25 µm, the hillock is indistinct and barely defined. The basidia are 35–60 µm long and 8.5–10 (–11.5) µm wide and each have four sterigms . The pleurocystids are spindle-shaped and otherwise hardly noticeable. They are 57–80 µm long and 7.5–9 µm wide. At the top they are usually more or less appended. Usually they can be stained well with sulfovanillin.
The hyphae end cells of the cuticle are septate 20–305 µm long and 2.5–5 µm wide. At the ends they are often slightly narrowed, sometimes slightly heady or lobed. The Pileocystiden are 4–5 µm wide and mostly subpulate or head-shaped. In sulfovanillin, they turn slightly grayish or undefined.
Species delimitation
The species of the Pectinata group all look very similar and are difficult to distinguish. Singer therefore saw the different species all only as subspecies or varieties of one species.
- The closely related scraping comb-deaf ( Russula recondita ) is particularly similar . Its hat is more somber or pale gray-brown in color and it has a mild, if unpleasant, taste.
- Pale or yellowish forms of the Camembert's deafness ( Russula amoenolens ) can also be very similar . It has a milder or delayed spicy and more or less oily taste and often smells of Jerusalem artichoke or Camembert cheese.
ecology
The Sharp Comb Deaf, like all Deaf, is a mycorrhizal fungus that can enter into a symbiotic relationship with various deciduous trees. Its most important host is probably the oak . But he enters into partnerships with hornbeams , poplars and other deciduous trees.
The Täubling occurs in hornbeam, oak and red beech forests but also in parks and parks. He prefers fresh, nutrient-poor, neutral to alkaline and mostly degraded brown earth. One finds in from July to October in more or less grassy places in the hill and lower mountain country.
distribution
The sharp-combed deafblings is a Holarctic species that occurs in northern Asia (Israel, eastern Siberia and Korea), northern Africa (Morocco, Algeria) and Europe. It is rare in Germany and shows a clear tendency to decline.
Systematics
Inquiry systematics
The Sharp Kamm-Täubling is a typical representative of the subsection Pectinatinae to the smaller to medium-sized species with mostly more brownish or gray hat color. Its closest relative is the scratchy comb-deaf.
Subspecies and varieties
The following subspecies and varieties are now assigned to other species:
- The subspecies corresponds to Russula recondita , the scratchy comb-deaf .
- Russula pectinata var. Insignis Quél. (1888)
- The variety is synonymous with Russula insignis , the mild comb-deaf .
- The variety is synonymous with Russula sororia , the Great Kamm-Täubling .
- The variety is synonymous with Russula raoultii , the pale yellow blubber .
In addition, the following varieties have been described:
- Russula pectinata var. Brevispinosa Romagn. (1962)
- It differs from the type mainly in its short-spiked, slightly burried, sometimes almost fine-networked spores. The hat is 3.5–7 cm wide, strongly depressed and ridged with knuckles on the edge. It is ocher brown and not grayish in color, at least towards the paler edge. The lamellas taste very hot. The stem is up to 5 cm high and 1.2 cm wide and sometimes has reddish spots at the base. The smell is faint or fruity. In deciduous forests or on grassy avenues.
- Russula pectinata var. Subgrisea Hornicek (1986)
Culinary importance
The deafbling is not edible because of its sharp and disgusting taste.
literature
- Russula pectinata. In: Russula database. CBS Fungal Biodiversity Center, accessed July 27, 2011 .
- H. Romagnesi: Russula pectinata. In: Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord (1967). MycoBank, the Fungal website, accessed July 27, 2011 (French).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Monographic Key to European Russulas (1988). (PDF; 1.4 MB) In: English translation by M. Bons Russula key :. The Russulales Website, p. 14 , archived from the original on July 28, 2010 ; Retrieved July 27, 2011 .
- ↑ a b Russula pectinata var. Brevispinosa. (PDF DOC) Russulas. Micologia.biz Web de micología Europea, p. 80 , accessed on July 27, 2011 (Spanish).
- ↑ a b German Josef Krieglsteiner (ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 541.
- ↑ Cvetomir M. Denchev, Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 279–282 ( online [PDF; 592 kB ; accessed on August 31, 2011]).
- ↑ Z. Tkalcec, A. Mesic: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia V: . Families Crepidotaceae, Russulaceae and Strophariaceae. In: Mycotaxon . tape 88 , 2003, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 293 ( cybertruffle.org.uk [accessed August 31, 2011]). cybertruffle.org.uk ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description Russula pectinata. In: elurikkus.ut.ee. Retrieved September 28, 2012 .
- ↑ Pertti Salo, Tuomo Niemelä, Ulla Nummela-Salo: SY769 Suomen helttasienten ja tattien ekologia, levinneisyys ja uhanalaisuus . (Finnish lamellar and tube mushrooms: ecology, distribution and threat status). Ed .: Esteri Ohenoja. 2005, ISBN 952-11-1997-7 (Finnish, ymparisto.fi [PDF]).
- ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula pectinata. (No longer available online.) In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on February 6, 2015 ; Retrieved May 7, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Nahuby.sk - Atlas hub - Russula pectinata. In: nahuby.sk. Retrieved September 28, 2012 .
- ↑ NMV Verspreidingsatlas | Russula pectinata. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved May 7, 2012 .
- ^ Russula pectinata. Pilzoek database, accessed May 7, 2012 .
- ^ TV Andrianova et al.: Russula pectinata. Fungi of Ukraine. (No longer available online.) In: www.cybertruffle.org.uk/ukrafung/eng. 2006, archived from the original on November 27, 2015 ; accessed on May 3, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Synonyms of Russula pectinata var. Pectinatoides. In: speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved July 27, 2011 .
- ^ Synonyms of Russula pectinata var. Insignis. In: speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved July 27, 2011 .
- ^ Synonyms of Russula pectinata var. Sororia. In: speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved July 27, 2011 .
- ↑ Synonyms of Russula pectinata var.truncigena. In: mycobank.org. Retrieved July 27, 2011 .
- ^ Synonyms of Russula pectinata var. Brevispinosa. In: indexfungorum.org. Retrieved July 27, 2011 .
- ^ Synonyms of Russula pectinata var. Subgrisea. In: indexfungorum.org. Retrieved July 28, 2011 .
Web links
- Spore drawing of Russula pectinata after H. Romagnesi, (1967), website of the CBS Fungal Biodiversity Center. Retrieved July 27, 2011.
- Synonyms of Russula pectinata. Index Fungorum, accessed July 27, 2011 .
