Violet-stalked deafblings
Violet-stalked deafblings | ||||||||||||
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Violet-stalked deafblings ( Russula violeipes ) |
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Russula violeipes | ||||||||||||
Quél. |
The violet-stalked deafbling ( Russula violeipes ), also called violet-stemmed peach deafblings , is a fungus from the family of deaf relatives . Its hat skin is velvety like that of a peach and yellow to purple in color. Its stem is also tinged with purple, at least in old age. The deaf mushroom is quite a popular edible mushroom that, when it is older, smells slightly like crab or herring.
features
Macroscopic features
The hat of the violet-stemmed blubber is hemispherical at a young age and arched to spread out with age. Older mushrooms have a hat, the center of which is depressed. The surface of the hat is fine and dry. At a young age it is light sulfur yellow that changes with age to a yellow, yellow-green then to purple, dark purple to brown tone. It measures between two and nine centimeters in diameter.
The lamellas have grown on the stem. They are whitish when young and change from cream-colored to sulfur-yellow to straw-yellow as the fungus ages. They can feel a bit greasy and are quite crowded, with between 15 and 17 lamellas per centimeter, with a full-edged edge.
The stem of the mushroom is three to eight centimeters long and about 0.5 to 2 centimeters wide, cylindrical in shape and usually tapered or spindle-shaped at the base. It is colored white when young and turns increasingly purple with age.
The meat is hard and white in color. It tastes mild and with age it smells clearly of cooked crab or herring-like.
Microscopic features
The spores are oval to almost spherical, 6–9 µm long and 6–8 µm wide. They are light yellow in color and amyolid like the spores of all pigeons . The warts are 0.7–1 µm high and connected by lines or ridges to form a fairly well-developed network. The basidia are club-shaped and 30 to 40 micrometers long. They are between 8.5 and 11 micrometers wide and have between 3 and 4 spores. You are hyaline . Pileocystides are absent and pleurocystides are rare and cannot be stained with sulfovanillin. The edge of the lamella is lined with tapering cells. The hyphae end cells of the cap skin usually taper to a point, the supporting cells are usually inflated, sometimes even balloon-shaped.
ecology
The violet-stalked deafblings are like all deafblings a mycorrhizal fungus , which preferentially enters into a partnership with beech . More rarely, can oaks serve as host and much more rarely spruce .
The Täubling, which prefers acidic soils, therefore mostly occurs in the woodruff-beech forests and acidic forms of the woodruff-beech , bedstraw fir and hornbeam-oak forest . If oak or red beech are interspersed, it can also be found in spruce forests or forests. It also occurs on the edges of forests and roads.
The Täubling likes shallow, nutrient-poor and lime-poor, moderately dry to fresh soils. The fruiting bodies appear from June to September. You can find the species from the lowlands to the high mountains.
distribution
The species is distributed in Europe and Asia (Japan, Korea, Taiwan), North Africa (Morocco) and North America (USA). In Europe, their distribution area ranges from the temperate zone to the Mediterranean.
In Germany the species is moderately widespread, with clear gaps in north-west Lower Saxony and in all limestone areas.
Systematics
Inquiry systematics
The violet-stalked deaf is in the subsection Amoeninae , which is within the section Heterophyllae . The deafnesses of this subsection have reddish to violet colored, mostly velvety matt hats, which more rarely can also be greenish, brownish or yellowish in color. They taste mild and, at least in old age, smell like crabs or herring. Your spore powder is off-white.
Varieties
- The hat 6–8 (10) cm wide and for a long time convex or almost bifurcated. It is colored pure yellow, sometimes blushed pink to pale purple towards the edge. Stem white or yellow, rarely faded purple. The meat and smell are like the guy. The spores are up to 8.5 (9) long and 7 (8) µm wide but have the same ornamentation.
meaning
The violet-stalked Täubling is a popular edible mushroom in Germany . The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) lists the species as an edible mushroom, which is mainly consumed in Thailand.
swell
literature
- Bi Zhishu, Guoyang Zheng, i Taihui: The Macrofungus Flora of China's Guangdong Province . The Chinese University Press, Fo Tan, Shatin 1993, ISBN 978-962-201-556-2 , pp. 521 ( online in Google Book Search).
Individual evidence
- ^ Synonyms of Russula violeipes. In: Species Fungorum / speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved August 26, 2011 .
- ↑ Hans E. Laux (Ed.): The Cosmos PilzAtlas . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-440-10622-5 , p. 188 .
- ↑ Russula violeipes ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at www.rogersmushrooms.com
- ↑ a b German Josef Krieglsteiner (ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 447.
- ↑ a b Russula violeipes in the PilzOek database. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved August 21, 2011 .
- ↑ Basidiomycota Checklist-Online - Russula violeipes. In: basidiochecklist.info. Retrieved October 12, 2012 .
- ↑ Cvetomir M. Denchev & Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 279–282 ( online [PDF; 592 kB ; accessed on August 31, 2011]).
- ↑ Z. Tkalcec & A. Mesic: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia V: . Families Crepidotaceae, Russulaceae and Strophariaceae. In: Mycotaxon . tape 88 , 2003, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 297 ( online [accessed August 31, 2011]). online ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description Russula violeipes. In: elurikkus.ut.ee. Retrieved June 13, 2012 .
- ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula violeipes. (No longer available online.) In: data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved August 21, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Z. Athanassiou & I. Theochari: Compléments à l'inventaire des Basidiomycètes de Grèce . In: Mycotaxon . Vol: 79, 2001, pp. 401-415 ( online ). online ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Gordana Kasom & Mitko Karadelev: Survey of the family Russulaceae (Agaricomycetes, Fungi) in Montenegro . In: Warsaw Versita (ed.): Acta Botanica Croatica . tape 71 , no. (2) , 2012, ISSN 0365-0588 , p. 1–14 ( online [PDF]). online ( Memento of the original from April 27, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ NMV Verspreidingsatlas | Russula violeipes. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved May 6, 2012 .
- ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; Retrieved October 12, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Russula violeipes. (PDF (1.4 MB)) Monographic Key to European Russulas (1988). In: The Russulales website w3.uwyo.edu. P. 48 , archived from the original on July 28, 2010 ; Retrieved August 26, 2011 (English, translation by M. Bon's Russula key).
- ↑ Russula olivascens var. Citrina. (No longer available online.) In: Russulales News / mtsn.tn.it. Formerly in the original ; Retrieved August 26, 2011 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Wild edible fungi sold in local markets. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, accessed February 26, 2010 .
Web links
- Russula violeipes. In: Partial Russula species database of the CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Center . Retrieved on June 2, 2014 (English, spore drawing and tabular listing of the macro and microscopic features (based on H. Romagnesis "Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord" )).
- H. Romagnesi: Russula violeipes. Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord (1967). In: mycobank.org The Fungal website. Retrieved August 26, 2011 (French).
- Deaf of the week # 34: Violet-stemmed deaf. In: pilzepilze.de. Retrieved on August 26, 2011 (good photos of Russula violeipes , showing the fungus in all its diversity ).
- Russula violeipes. In: Russulales News . Bart Buyck, accessed on August 26, 2011 (English, photo and original French description).
- Russula violeipes. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved June 2, 2014 (Italian, photos of the Violettstieligen Täubling).