Sándor Wagner

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Sandor Wagner

Sándor ([ ˈʃaːndor ]) or Alexander Wagner , since 1898 Ritter von Wagner (born April 16, 1838 in Pest , Austrian Empire , † January 19, 1919 in Munich ) was an Austrian painter of Hungarian origin.

Life

family

Sándor Wagner was the son of the notary and district judge Sándor Wagner (1800–1843) and his wife Maria Katharina Raits (* 1803). The couple had one older daughter, Mária (* 1833).

On May 17, 1864, Wagner married Bertha Oldenbourg, daughter of a Munich publisher. She died in 1869 shortly after the birth of their third child together. Wagner's son Alfred (* 1866) became Premier Lieutenant in the Bavarian Artillery Regiment despite his artistic ambitions. Wagner also had two daughters, Pauline (* 1867) and Bertha (1869–1891). On March 11, 1874, he married the younger sister of his late wife, Marie Oldenbourg. There were no children from this second marriage.

The self-sacrifice of Titusz Dugovic , first historical monumental painting by Wagner (1859)

Training and first successes as a painter

Wagner received his first art lessons at the Protestant grammar school in his native Pest. At the age of 15 he dropped out of school and went to the genre and history painter Henrik Weber (1818–1866) as an apprenticeship. From 1854 he attended the Vienna Academy , where he took the painting class and was among other things a student of Karl von Blaas . With his classmate Alexander von Liezen-Mayer , Wagner made a long friendship. Together they went to Munich to study, where Wagner enrolled at the Munich Art Academy in 1856 . First he took the class of antiquities, then he studied with Carl Theodor von Piloty until 1864 . After arriving in Munich, Wagner joined the circle of artists around Franz von Lenbach . The group made frequent study trips to Aresing and the surrounding area, where they found motifs for peasant genre, animal and landscape pictures.

While studying with Piloty, Wagner created his first historic monumental painting in 1859, which thematized the self-sacrifice of Titus Dugović . He applied with the work at a competition held by the Pest Art Association, which then bought it for the National Gallery. Four years later, Wagner received international recognition for his painting Isabella's Farewell to Transylvania . His frescoes in the Bavarian National Museum (1862/1863) and in the Redouten building Vigadó in Pest (1864) also contributed to his growing success.

Teaching and awards

Family grave in the old south cemetery in Munich

In 1864 and 1866 Wagner went on study trips to Italy and Spain. In 1866, director Wilhelm von Kaulbach placed him at the Munich Art Academy as a sub-teacher of Professor Hermann Anschütz . On February 10, 1869 Wagner himself was appointed full professor of painting technique at the academy. In order to take office, he had to give up his Hungarian citizenship. A visit to the advanced painting class led by Wagner was preparation and prerequisite for the entrance exam for the coveted Piloty class. Wagner's students included Mihály von Munkácsy , Pál Szinyei Merse , Pál Vágó, Gyula Aggházy, Gyula Stetka and Jenö Gyárfás.

Wagner's popularity as a painter was expressed, among other things, in royal commissions, for example Empress Elisabeth sat for him as a model for a large-format portrait in Vienna in 1866.

For his achievements, Wagner was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Order of the Bavarian Crown in 1898. Associated with this was the elevation to the personal nobility and he was allowed to call himself Ritter von Wagner after his entry in the nobility register . In 1910, Prince Regent Luitpold awarded him the Commander's Cross for this medal. At the same time he put Wagner into retirement.

Wagner died in Munich in 1919. In 1920 an estate exhibition took place in the Glaspalast in Munich .

plant

At first Wagner mainly painted scenes from the history of Hungary. Later he chose bull fights, Spanish processions and Roman chariot races as motifs for his pictures. His pictures of animals, especially horses, are also important. In addition to painting paintings and frescoes, Wagner also worked as an illustrator.

Works (selection)
  • The self-sacrifice of Titusz Dugovic. 1859, oil on canvas, 168 × 147 cm, Hungarian National Gallery .
  • Gustavus Adolf enters Aschaffenburg and marries Otto II of Bavaria. 1862, fresco, State Museum of Ethnology .
  • Isabella's farewell to Transylvania. 1863, oil on canvas, 135 × 171 cm, Hungarian National Gallery.
  • Queen Elisabeth. 1866, oil on canvas, 274 × 187 cm, Hungarian National Museum .
  • Queen Elisabeth. 1867, oil on canvas, 53.5 × 44cm, Hungarian National Museum
  • Market day.
  • The wedding celebration of Matthias Corvinus or Mátyás defeats Holubár. Fresco in the former redoubt building in Pest. 1864 (lost after severe damage in World War II).
  • Horse drive on the Hortobagyer Puszta in Hungary. around 1880.
  • The chariot race. 1882.
  • Chariot race in the Circus Maximus in Rome at the time of Domitian.
  • Hungarian wagon.
  • Hungarian horse market. around 1880, oil on panel, 18 × 31.5 cm
  • Haymaking. Oil on canvas, 128 × 95 cm, whereabouts unknown
  • Two cattle at dusk in the Puszta. 1904, oil on canvas, 87 × 117cm, State Collection of Paintings in Munich
  • Bovine. Watercolor on paper, approx. 18 × 23cm, State Graphic Collection Munich
Illustrations (selection)
  • Theodore Simons: From ancient Roman times. Cultural images. Gebrüder Paetel Verlag, Berlin 1878.
  • Theodore Simons: Spain: in descriptions. Gebrüder Paetel Verlag, Berlin 1880.

literature

Web links

Commons : Sándor Wagner  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Szilvia Rád: The life and work of the Hungarian-painter and art professor Sándor (Alexander) by Wagner (1838-1919). P. 27.
  2. ↑ Szilvia Rád: The life and work of the Hungarian-painter and art professor Sándor (Alexander) by Wagner (1838-1919). P. 126.
  3. ↑ Szilvia Rád: The life and work of the Hungarian-painter and art professor Sándor (Alexander) by Wagner (1838-1919). P. 31.
  4. ↑ Szilvia Rád: The life and work of the Hungarian-painter and art professor Sándor (Alexander) by Wagner (1838 to 1919). P. 128.
  5. ↑ Szilvia Rád: The life and work of the Hungarian-painter and art professor Sándor (Alexander) by Wagner (1838-1919). P. 91.
  6. ↑ a b c Wagner, Alexander (von) . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 35 : Libra-Wilhelmson . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1942, p. 28 .
  7. ↑ Szilvia Rád: The life and work of the Hungarian-painter and art professor Sándor (Alexander) by Wagner (1838-1919). P. 107.
  8. ↑ Szilvia Rád: The life and work of the Hungarian-painter and art professor Sándor (Alexander) by Wagner (1838-1919). Pp. 104-105.
  9. ^ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Court and State Handbook of the Kingdom of Bavaria 1909. Publishing house R. Oldenbourg. Munich 1909. p. 21.
  10. ^ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Court and State Handbook of the Kingdom of Bavaria 1914. Lindauersche Universitäts-Buchhandlung. Munich 1914. p. 20.
personal data
SURNAME Wagner, Sándor
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Wagner, Alexander von; Wagner, Alexander Ritter von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German painter of Hungarian origin
DATE OF BIRTH April 16, 1838
PLACE OF BIRTH pest
DATE OF DEATH January 19, 1919
Place of death Munich