SEPECAT Jaguar

SEPECAT Jaguar
Type:	Fighter bomber
Design country:	United Kingdom of France;
Manufacturer:	British Aircraft Corporation; Breguet;
First flight:	September 8, 1968
Commissioning:	1973
Number of pieces:	543

The SEPECAT Jaguar is a joint development of an attack aircraft by Breguet and the British Aircraft Corporation from the 1960s. France needed an inexpensive training and attack aircraft to replace the F-100 Super Saber and Great Britain a modern fighter-bomber to succeed the Hawker Hunter . SEPECAT stands for Société Européenne de Production de l'Avion d'Ecole de Combat et d'Appui Tactique (European company for the manufacture of training and tactical support aircraft).

Successful export sales and similarities to the McDonnell F-4 in terms of application profile and construction (twin-jet engine, tail unit) earned the Jaguar the nickname “phantom of the little man”.

history

Two-seater version Jaguar T.1 of the RAF approaching Malta in October 2002

After the first flight in 1968, requests for some improvements were expressed, so that the first aircraft were not delivered until 1973. A year later, the first squadron of the British Air Force was equipped with the Jaguar. The French version received relatively simple avionics and two Adour Mk.102 turbofans , each with 3315 kp thrust. The British Royal Air Force used two versions: The “GR Mk.1” with higher quality avionics and Rolls-Royce / Adour-Mk.102 / 104 engines (3646 kp each) and the “International” as a modern version with Adour -Mk. 811 engines (each 3810 kp thrust). The "International" now also has a radar device . All versions received a stable undercarriage so that they could take off and land on unpaved runways; the demonstrations in Farnborough in the 1970s each took place with a take-off next to the runway.

Royal Air Force

The British Royal Air Force (RAF) purchased a total of 200 Jaguars from 1973 , including 35 two-seat training aircraft. From the mid-1970s the type was also introduced at RAF Germany , there were four fighter-bomber squadrons at RAF Brüggen (April 1975 to October 1985, 14th , 17th , 20th and 31st squadron ) and one squadron at RAF Laarbruch Scout stationed (October 1976 to December 1988, 2nd Squadron , this had started the conversion in June 1976 in Brüggen). In the 1980s, however, it was replaced by the tornado . From 1990 the Jaguar came into combat in the Persian Gulf. The last machines were taken out of service on April 30, 2007 and replaced by the Eurofighter Typhoon . Some Jaguars are still being used for testing by QinetiQ and the Empire Test Pilots' School .

Armée de l'air

The French Armée de l'air also put 200 Jaguars into service from 1974, 40 of which were two-seat training aircraft. A variant planned for the French Navy for use on aircraft carriers was never realized. The last French Jaguars were replaced by the Dassault Rafale on July 1, 2005 .

export

Jaguar's largest export customer was India , which put the first of 40 machines into service in 1981. A further 100 Jaguars were built under license for the Indian Air Force by Hindustan Aeronautics under the name "Shamsher". They are to be replaced by a successor model from 2015.

Other users were Oman at 24, which, as the penultimate user, put its last Jaguar out of service in October 2014 after almost 37 years of flight operations, Nigeria at 18 and Ecuador with 12 machines.

variants

The following series were available for the armed forces of the two program partners (for the national British series designations, see the information on the designation system for British aircraft ).

Jaguar A

Single-seat, all-weather tactical fighter-bomber of the Armée de l'Air , 160 built plus two prototypes.

Jaguar B

Jaguar T.2

Two-seat combat trainer of the Royal Air Force (RAF), 38 built plus a prototype.

Jaguar T.2A

Modernized T.2 similar to GR.1A, 14 rebuilt.

Jaguar T.2B

Unofficial name of the T.2A for the use of the Thermal Imaging Airborne Laser Designator (TIALD) system, two converted.

Jaguar T.4

Modernized T.2A to the standard Jaguar 96 .

Jaguar E.

Two-seat combat trainer of the Armée de l'Air, 40 built plus two prototypes.

Jaguar M

Single-seat naval fighter-bomber for the navy national for use from aircraft carriers , a prototype

Jaguar S

Jaguar GR.1

Single-seat, all-weather tactical fighter-bomber of the RAF, 165 built.

Jaguar GR1.A

Modernized GR.1 with navigation system NAVWASS II , chaff and flare launchers, ECM system and capable of firing Sidewinder air-to-air missiles for self-defense , 75 converted.

Jaguar GR1B

Refitted GR.1 for the use of the Thermal Imaging Airborne Laser Designator (TIALD) system, ten rebuilt.

Jaguar GR3

On the avionics side, the GR.1A was modernized to the standard Jaguar 96

Jaguar GR3.A

Series, originated from GR.1B / GR.3 with again updated avionics to the standard Jaguar 97

The following versions were export names from Jaguar International and were based on either the Jaguar S or Jaguar B.

Jaguar ES: Export version of the Jaguar S for the Fuerza Aérea Ecuatoriana (FAE), ten built.
Jaguar EB: Export version of the Jaguar B for the FAE, two built.
Jaguar S (O): Export version of the Jaguar S for the Royal Air Force of Oman (RAFO), built in 20.
Jaguar B (O): Export version of the Jaguar B for the RAFO, four built.
Jaguar IS: Indian Air Force (IAF) single-seat, all-weather tactical fighter-bomber , 35 built by BAe and 89 built by HAL.
Jaguar IB: IAF two-seater combat trainer, five built by BAe and 27 built by HAL.
Jaguar IM: IAF single-seat naval fighter-bomber equipped with agave radar and capable of firing Sea-Eagle anti-ship missiles, twelve built at HAL.
Jaguar SN: Export version of the Jaguar S for the Nigerian Air Force (NAF), built 13.
Jaguar BN: Export version of the Jaguar B for the NAF, five built.

Technical specifications

3-sided tear

cockpit

Type: SEPECAT Jaguar International
Purpose: single-seat attack aircraft
Length: 15.52 m without boom probe and 16.83 m with boom probe
Span: 8.69 m
Height: 4.89 m
Wing area: 24.18 m²
Empty weight: 7,000 kg
Max. Takeoff weight: 15,700 kg
Propulsion: two Adour Mk.811 engines, each with 3,810 kp (37,400 kN)
Top speed: (at 11,000 m) 1,750 km / h
Max. Altitude: 15,240 m
Range:
- typical range: approx. 1,000 km
- Range with just two air-to-air missiles : 1,408 km

Armament

Internal armament

2 × 30 mm revolver automatic cannons Royal Small Arms Factory ADEN Mk.4 with 150 rounds of ammunition each (British Jaguar)
2 × 30 mm revolver automatic cannons M553 DEFA with 150 rounds of ammunition each (French Jaguar)

External armament

Armament up to 4,763 kg at five external load stations under the wings and the fuselage and at two above the two wings

France France

Air-to-air guided missiles

2 × launch rails for one Matra R.550 Magic each (thermal image-controlled short-range air-to-air guided missile)

Air-to-ground guided missiles

2 × Aérospatiale AS-30L (laser-guided 520 kg guided missile)
2 × Matra / Hawker-Siddeley AS-37 "Martel" (anti-radar guided missile)

Unguided air-to-surface missiles

4 × Matra LR F4 rocket launchers (for 18 × unguided SNEB air-to-surface missiles each ; caliber 68 mm)
4 × rocket launchers TBA 100-4 (F3) (for 4 × unguided SNEB air-to-ground missiles each; caliber 100 mm)

unguided bombs

6 × Société des Ateliers Mécaniques de Pont-sur-Sambre (SAMP) (125 kg free-fall bomb; analogous to Mk.81)
6 × Société des Ateliers Mécaniques de Pont-sur-Sambre (SAMP) EU2 (250 kg free-fall bomb; analogous to Mk.82)
4 × Société des Ateliers Mécaniques de Pont-sur-Sambre (SAMP) T200 (400 kg free-fall bomb; analogous to Mk.83)
4 × Matra / Thomson-Brandt BLG 66 "Belouga" (305 kg cluster bomb )
1 × CEA AN-52 (free-falling nuclear bomb, weight 455 kg; explosive force 25 kilotons)

Additional container

2 × drop- off underwing additional tanks RP36 for 1,187 liters (313 US gallons) of kerosene each

1 × Thomson-CSF "Atlis" (Automatic Tracking Laser Illuminating System) - laser target and navigation container

United Kingdom United Kingdom

Air-to-air guided missiles

2 × LAU-7 / A launch rails each for a Ford AIM-9D / G / L / M "Sidewinder" (thermal image-controlled short-range air-to-air guided missile)

Air-to-ground guided missiles

2 × Matra / Hawker-Siddeley AS-37 "Martel" (anti-radar guided missile)

Unguided air-to-surface missiles

4 × MATRA 155 rocket launchers (for 18 × unguided SNEB (TDA) air-to-surface missiles, caliber 68 mm)
4 × rocket launchers LAU-5003 (for 19 × unguided CRV7 air-to-surface rockets each ; caliber 70 mm)

Unguided British bombs

6 × Hunting BL755 (264 kg anti-tank cluster bomb )
6 × Aerojet General CBU-87 (340 kg anti-tank cluster bomb)
6 × Royal Ordnance MC / GP Mk.10 (1,000 lb / 454 kg free-fall bomb )
6 × Royal Ordnance MC / GP Mk.20 (540 lb / 245 kg free-fall bomb)
2 × Lepus (80 kg light bomb , lighting using magnesium, parachute delay)
1 × WE.177 (parachute-delayed 10-Kt nuclear bomb)

Additional container

2 × disposable additional tanks for 1,187 liters of kerosene
1 × TIALD reconnaissance container
1 × EO GP1 (JRP) - reconnaissance tank
1 × Vinten VICON 18 Mk.600 - (Long Range Optical Pod, LOROP)

India India

2 × BAe Sea Eagle (anti-ship missile)
1 × Rafael / Northrop Grumman AN / AAQ-28 (V) "Litening IV" target light container
4 × Matra "Durandal" (rocket-propelled 219 kg anti-runway bomb)
1 × Indian free-falling nuclear bomb

Self-defense systems

Active measures

1 × Philips-Matra Phimat - decoy launcher with 210 chaff cartridges
1 × AN / ALQ-101 (V) -10 - EKF malfunction container
1 × Thomson-CSF TMV-004 (CT51J) Caiman - external EKF jamming container
1 × Thales PAJ-FA - external EKF disturbance container

Passive action

2 × ARI.18223-ESM nacelle with radar warning sensor on the vertical stabilizer

Users

User states

Ecuador Ecuador: Fuerza Aérea Ecuatoriana , Jaguar GR1 / ES / EB, no longer in service
France France: Armée de l'Air , Jaguar A / E, until 2005
India India: Indian Air Force , Jaguar GR1 / T2 / IS / IB / IM, 2018 still in service
Nigeria Nigeria: Nigerian Air Force , Jaguar SN / BN, until 1991
Oman Oman: Royal Air Force of Oman , Jaguar GR1 / T2 / S (O) / B (O) /GR.3A, until 2014
United Kingdom United Kingdom

Royal Air Force , Jaguar GR1 / GR1A / T2 / T2A / GR3 / GR3A / T4, until 2007

Station locations in Germany

RAF Germany
- RAF Brüggen , May 1975 to November 1985, Jaguar GR1 / T2 ( 14th , 17th , 20th and 31st Squadron )
- RAF Laarbruch , June 1976 to January 1989, Jaguar GR1 / T2 ( 2nd Squadron )

Web links

Commons : SEPECAT Jaguar - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

↑ Kenneth Munson: Fighter Planes. Fighter and training aircraft since 1960 . 4th completely revised edition. Orell Füssli Verlag, Zurich 1978, ISBN 3-280-00902-2 , p. 149 (English: Fighters in service since 1960. London 1971.).

↑ Information from the manufacturer HAL ( Memento of the original from March 17, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ Flight International 9 December 2014, p. 25 (English)

[1] Kenneth Munson: Fighter Planes. Fighter and training aircraft since 1960 . 4th completely revised edition. Orell Füssli Verlag, Zurich 1978, ISBN 3-280-00902-2 , p. 149 (English: Fighters in service since 1960. London 1971.).