STOVIA

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Genees science high school
The Stovia building, later renamed "Geneeskundige Hogeschool"

The Stovia building, later renamed "Geneeskundige Hogeschool"

Data
place Jakarta , Indonesia
Construction year 1899-1902
Coordinates 6 ° 10 '43 "  S , 106 ° 50' 17"  O Coordinates: 6 ° 10 '43 "  S , 106 ° 50' 17"  O

The School tot Opleiding van Inlandsche Artsen ("School for the Training of Domestic Doctors") or STOVIA was a medical school in Batavia (Jakarta), today's capital of Indonesia . Today the medical college is a faculty of the University of Indonesia .

prehistory

motivation

The story of STOVIA begins in 1847 after a typhoid epidemic hit Java the year before . The then head of the medical service , Willem Bosch, then wrote a letter to the governor-general Jan Jacob Rochussen , in which he proposed medical training for residents. The Dutch colonial government then organized the first courses to train medical assistants. With the enactment no. 22 on January 2, 1849, the first thirty domestic applicants were in hospital from Weltevreden added. Applicants should receive a free introduction to medicine and vaccination . Two years later, on January 14, 1850, the colonial government had apartments built for the trainees in Weltevreden; a little later in Surabaya and Semarang .

Start of training

In January 1851 the time had come. Under the direction of Pieter Bleeker, the training in Weltevreden started with twelve applicants and should last two years. The teachers were military doctors . In 1853, eleven of the twelve applicants successfully completed the school and by government resolution of June 5, 1853, they were now allowed to use the title "Doctor Java". In 1864 the area of ​​responsibility of the medical assistants was expanded and the training extended to three years. In 1867 Joseph Alexander Fles criticized the completely inadequate training, which he sharply condemned as "Doctor Java Dressage ". As a result, the training was temporarily again limited to medicine and vaccination, until 1875 the course was expanded to include a two-year professional preparation and a five-year medical training. Lessons were now held in Dutch and the number of teachers increased. In 1881 the training was shortened to three years.

The STOVIA

With the continuous improvement of the training and refinement of the curriculum, the Doctor Java School was changed in 1889 to the "Training School for Domestic Medicines" (School tot Opleiding van Inlandsche Geneeskundigen). In 1890 vocational preparation was even “temporarily” shortened to two years.

Student at STOVIA (1920–1933)

From half to full doctors

In 1893 there was another change in the training policy, which should not be geared towards auxiliary workers, but should produce independent doctors. In 1896, 26-year-old Hermanus Frederik Roll became the school's new director. His ideas contributed significantly to the reorganization and professionalization of the school and sharply criticized the degrading attitude of the colonial power towards the domestic population. His credo “Uit deze school moeten gaan heele, en geen halve artsen” (whole, not half doctors, have to leave this school) encouraged his students to become self-employed. The result of these reforms was STOVIA in 1898, which initially offered a multi-year course in nursing and vaccination. In 1902 the training period was extended to three years for vocational preparation, and medical training to six years.

Group portrait of STOVIA (1920–1933)

Professionalization

The year 1913 brought many changes. The STOVIA was again reorganized and expanded. The school, previously reserved only for the local population, was opened to anyone who passed the entrance exam and could afford the training costs. Women were also admitted to school. Graduates were now allowed to use the title of "Indian doctor". By the 1920s, training had reached a level that enabled graduates with a STOVIA certificate to pursue further studies at Dutch universities. On August 9, 1927, STOVIA was recognized as a medical faculty, which enabled the school to offer full medical training.

The name

With the reforms of 1913, the title of the school leavers was changed from a domestic doctor to an Indian doctor , whereby the name STOVIA became the backronym for School tot Opleiding van Indische Artsen . It was officially in use until the school became academy in 1927, after which the school was simply called Geneeskundige Hoogeschool (medical college). During the Japanese occupation, the name was changed to "医科大学" (Ika Daigaku), which was just the Japanese translation of the name. After the war , the school was given the Indonesian name Perguruan Tinggi Kedokteran Republik Indonesia , the medical school of the Republic of Indonesia . Since February 2, 1950, the medical college became a faculty of the University of Indonesia.

The STOVIA and its predecessor, the Doctor Djawa School , also became one of the starting points of a national movement that ultimately led to Indonesia's independence . Raden Soetomo , a student at STOVIA from 1908–1911 , founded the first national movement Boedi Oetomo with a group of like-minded people . The name STOVIA therefore also means a certain (Indonesian) sovereignty .

museum

Today there is a museum in the STOVIA building. On September 27, 1982, the city of Jakarta handed the building over to the central government. The building opened in February 1984. It bears the name "STOVIA Museum of the History of National Awakening".

literature

  • Gerard Abraham van Rijnberk , De STOVIA. 1851 - Gedenkboek - 1926, 1926220840001A.pdf
  • Elisabeth Quirine Hesselink , Genezers op de koloniale markt: inheemse dokters en vroedvrouwen in Nederlandsch Oost-Indië 1850–1915, Amsterdam 2009, ISBN 978-90-5629-563-9
  • Elisabeth Quirine Hesselink, Healers on the colonial market. Native doctors and midwives in the Dutch East Indies, Leiden 2011, ISBN 978-90-6718-382-6
  • Johannes Herrmann, Under the shadow of Garuda's wings: Chances and problems of national integration in Indonesia: history, ideology, religion, law; Unknown 2005, ISBN 978-3-937983-06-6
  • Leo van Bergen, Van Koloniale Geneeskunde Tot Internationale Gezondheidszorg. een geschiedenis van honderd jaar Nederlandse Vereniging voor Tropische Geneeskunde, 2007, ISBN 978-90-6832-736-6
  • Alfred de Waart, Vijf-en-zeventig jaren medisch onderwijs te Weltevreden. 1851–1926, Weltevreden 1926

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ - ( Memento of the original from February 17, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.geschichteinchronologie.ch
  2. ↑ Hesselink: Nieuwkomers op de medische markt (2009)
  3. ↑ http://www.ntvg.nl/publicatie/de-stovia-1851-gedenkboek-1926/pdf
  4. ↑ http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/molh003nieu04_01/molh003nieu04_01_0253.php
  5. ^ Van Bergen, page 17
  6. ↑ http://www.ntvg.nl/publicatie/de-stovia-1851-gedenkboek-1926/pdf
  7. ↑ Hesselink (2009), page 162; Reference to de Waart, page 19
  8. ↑ http://javapost.nl/2012/02/09/van-goed-karakter-en-goed-gedrag
  9. ^ Van Bergen, page 18
  10. ↑ http://www.ntvg.nl/publicatie/de-stovia-1851-gedenkboek-1926/pdf
  11. ↑ http://botschaft-indonesien.de/de/indonesien/geschichte.htm
  12. ↑ Herrmann, page 48
  13. ↑ - ( Memento of the original from August 19, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www2.thejakartapost.com
  14. ↑ - ( Memento of the original from January 23, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.beritajakarta.com