Simian virus 40

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Simian virus 40
Systematics
Classification : Viruses
Area : Monodnaviria
Empire : Shotokuvirae
Phylum : Cossaviricota
Class : Papovaviricetes
Order : Sepolyvirales
Family : Polyomaviridae
Genre : Beta polyomavirus
Type : Simian Virus 40
Taxonomic characteristics
Genome : dsDNA
Baltimore : Group 1
Scientific name
Macaca mulatta polyomavirus 1
Short name
MmPV1
Left
NCBI  Taxonomy: 10633
NCBI  Reference: J02400
ICTV Taxon History: 201854464
ICTVdB Virus Code : 00.047.0.01.001
Graphic representation of SV40

The SV40 (of English Simian Virus 40 for, Simian Virus 40 'as it is the 40th in monkeys discovered virus), officially Macaca mulatta polyomavirus 1 (MmPV1), mainly under the old abbreviation SV40 known is a virus from the family Polyomaviridae and belongs to the genus Betapolyomaviruses .

Description and occurrence

SV40 can infect both monkeys and humans; the natural hosts are mainly Asian macaques and rhesus monkeys . Like other polyomaviruses, SV40 causes tumors under certain conditions ; however, the infection remains symptom-free in most cases. In humans themselves, no direct connections between an SV40 infection and the development of cancer have been demonstrated, however SV40 oncogenes play a role in the development of cancer cells from human cells in cell culture. The connection between human tumors and the SV40 as a causal cause could not be proven with certainty. Simultaneous detection of SV40 in different tumors could not necessarily be related to their etiology . A connection between SV40 and an altered methylation pattern of cellular genes was even suspected in breast cancer preparations; a conclusive assessment of the connection is not yet possible.

SV40 was first discovered in 1960 by Ben Sweet and Maurice Hilleman in cell cultures of rhesus monkey kidney cells, which were used to produce polio vaccines . From 1955 to 1963, millions of people were believed to have been vaccinated with oral and injectable vaccines and infected with SV40 in the process. After subsequent analysis, it was found that SV40 residues were present in people with cancer, regardless of whether they were vaccinated or not. In epidemiological studies for the period from 1955 to 1963 it was examined whether there is a connection between the occurrence of tumors in people vaccinated against polio and those who were not vaccinated; however, no increased risk of cancer was found. Therefore, SV40 in polio vaccines prior to 1963 is not believed to have caused cancer.

construction

SV40 has a circular double-stranded DNA genome about 5.2 kb that is packaged with histones from the host cell. The hulless virion is icosahedral .

The minimalist composition was the ideal prerequisite for copying the complete SV40 DNA true to the original in vitro . With highly purified cellular proteins it was possible to replicate the two strands of the double helix at the same time . From this an elegant model of the replication fork was obtained, in which the two semiconservative (= semi-new) dsDNA molecules arise.

literature

  • K. Shah, N. Nathanson: Human exposure to SV40: review and comment. In: American journal of epidemiology Volume 103, Number 1, January 1976, pp. 1-12, ISSN  0002-9262 . PMID 174424 . (Review).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e ICTV: ICTV Taxonomy history: Human polyomavirus 1 , EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL # 35)
  2. ↑ José Carlos Mann Prado, Telma Alves Monezi, Aline Teixeira Amorim, Vanesca Lino, Andressa Paladino, Enrique Boccardo: Human polyomaviruses and cancer: an overview . In: Clinics (Sao Paulo), 73 (Suppl 1), p. E558s, doi: 10.6061 / clinics / 2018 / e558s , PMC 6157077 (free full text), PMID 30328951 (online September 26, 2018), Fig. 1
  3. ↑ Ugo Moens, Sébastien Calvignac-Spencer, Chris Lauber, Torbjörn Ramqvist, Mariet CW Feltkamp, ​​Matthew D. Daugherty, Ernst J. Verschoor, Bernhard Ehlers: ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Polyomaviridae . In: J Gen Virol. , 98 (6), pp. 1159–1160, doi: 10.1099 / jgv.0.000839 , PMC 5656788 (free full text), PMID 28640744 , June 22, 2017
  4. ↑ dsDNA Viruses> Polyomaviridae . In: ICTV Report from June 2017, revised in July 2018, Table 2A
  5. ^ WC Hahn, CM Counter, AS Lundberg, RL Beijersbergen, MW Brooks, RA Weinberg: Creation of human tumor cells with defined genetic elements. In: Nature Volume 400, Number 6743, July 1999, pp. 464-468, ISSN  0028-0836 . doi: 10.1038 / 22780 . PMID 10440377 .
  6. ^ PM Voorhoeve, R. Agami: The tumor-suppressive functions of the human INK4A locus. In: Cancer Cell Volume 4, Number 4, October 2003, pp. 311-319, ISSN  1535-6108 . PMID 14585358 .
  7. ↑ KV Shah: SV40 and human cancer: a review of recent data. In: International Journal of Cancer . Volume 120, Number 2, January 2007, pp. 215-223, ISSN  0020-7136 . doi: 10.1002 / ijc.22425 . PMID 17131333 . (Review).
  8. ^ EA Engels: Does simian virus 40 cause non-Hodgkin lymphoma? A review of the laboratory and epidemiological evidence. In: Cancer Investigation Volume 23, Number 6, 2005, pp. 529-536, ISSN  0735-7907 . doi: 10.1080 / 07357900500202820 . PMID 16203661 . (Review).
  9. ↑ M. Hachana, M. Trimeche, S. Ziadi, K. Amara, S. Korbi: Evidence for a role of the Simian Virus 40 in human breast carcinomas. In: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment Volume 113, Number 1, January 2009, pp. 43-58, ISSN  1573-7217 . doi: 10.1007 / s10549-008-9901-z . PMID 18205041 .
  10. ^ BH Sweet and MR Hilleman: The Vacuolating Virus, SV40 . In: Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine . tape 105 , no. 2 , November 1, 1960, p. 420-427 , doi : 10.3181 / 00379727-105-26128 .
  11. ↑ a b Stanley A. Plotkin et al .: Plotkin's Vaccines . 7th edition. Elsevier, Philadelphia 2017, ISBN 978-0-323-35761-6 , pp. 1590 ( elsevier.com ).
  12. ↑ Shou Waga, Bruce Stillman : Anatomy of a DNA replication fork revealed by reconstitution of SV40 DNA replication in vitro. In: Nature 369, 6477, 1994: 207-212.
  13. ↑ Shou Waga, Bruce Stillman: The DNA replication fork in eukaryotic cells. In: Annu Rev Biochem 67, 1998: 721-751.