Sachari Stoyanov

Sachari Stoyanov

monument

Sachari Stojanow (common transcription: Zahari Stoyanov; Bulgarian Захарий Стоянов ; * 1850 in Medwen near Kotel , Burgas Oblast ; † September 2, 1889 in Paris ) was a Bulgarian revolutionary, writer , historian, politician and activist of the Bulgarian National Revival .

Life

Sachari Stojanow was born into the family of the sheep farmer Stojan Dalaktschiew in 1850 in Medwen . Medven was at that time, together with Kotel , Lovech and other cities, one of the centers of the Bulgarian National Revival. From 1856 Stojanow first attended the church school in his hometown Medwen and between 1860 and 1862 the mixed class school. After graduating from school, he worked with his father as a shepherd , first in Indgekoj and later between 1866 and 1870 in Podwis . His strong desire to get a good education first led him to Varna on the Black Sea coast and later to Russe , where he tried to continue his education as well as possible during his tailoring apprenticeship as an autodidact. In Russe he joined the "Revolutionary Committee of Russe" founded by other young Bulgarians ( Angel Kantschew , Nikola Obretenow and others) in 1872 , which participated in the numerous Bulgarian efforts to achieve independence from the Ottoman Empire on their own. In 1873 he worked for a short time at the Tarnowo-Sejmen station (today Simeonowgrad ) as a railway official, where he also met Todor Kableschkow - another revolutionary fighter.

Sachari Stojanow took part in the Stara Sagora uprising in 1875 and in the following year as one of the “apostolates” (from the Bulgarian: organizer, leader) of the “Fourth Revolutionary Committee of Plovdiv” in the April uprising , which, like all others, was crushed by the Turkish rulers has been. Later he became through his autobiographical work “Chronicle of the Bulgarian Uprising 1875/1876. History of eyewitnesses ” their first chronicler . As one of the few eyewitnesses who survived the atrocities committed by the Turks during the Bulgarian uprisings of 1875 and 1876, he was first imprisoned in Plovdiv and shortly afterwards placed under house arrest in his hometown Medwen. During the Russo-Ottoman War , he fled in 1877 to Veliko Tarnovo , which had been liberated by the Russians, and volunteered in the fighting.

After the liberation of Bulgaria from Ottoman rule in 1878, Sakari was first a member of the District Court of Veliko Tarnovo in 1880, then in 1881 he was secretary of the District Court and chief prosecutor of the District Court of Ruse . Due to his proximity to the liberal parties in Bulgaria, he becomes an employee of the liberal newspaper “Independence” (bulg. Независимост ), editor of the newspaper “Kampf” (Bulgarian Борба ) and founder and publisher of the newspaper “Freiheit” (Bulgarian Свобода ). Between 1882 and 1885 he worked as a civil servant in the judicial administration of Eastern Rumelia .

Independence and unification of Bulgaria

Together for the association: Captain Panica, Sachari Stojanow and Dimitar Rizoff .

Having arrived in Eastern Rumelia , Stojanow founded in Plovdiv in 1885 with Kosta Panica , Iwan Andonow , Todor Gatew and Iwan Stojanowitsch with the aim of the simultaneous liberation of Macedonia and Eastern Rumelia and the amalgamation of all Bulgarian regions and based on the model of the Internal Revolutionary Organization, the Bulgarian Secret Central Revolution Committee - BGZRK (Bulgarian "Български таен централен революционен комитет" - БТЦРК). The formation of a confederation of all Balkan states was pursued as a long-term goal . The preparations for an uprising were also supported by neighboring Principality of Bulgaria . In Bulgaria a strong national movement was formed under Prince Alexander von Battenberg , which worked for the expansion of the state territory to all areas of the Balkans inhabited by Bulgarians and sought support from the population of Macedonia and Eastern Rumelia for an uprising against the Ottoman central power.

On September 5th ^Jul. / September 17, 1885 ^greg. was Gavril Krastevich ( Gavriil Pasha ) overthrown in a organized by the BGZRK and by the population entrained coup militia officers. A new cabinet proclaimed the immediate amalgamation of the autonomous Ottoman province with the Principality of Bulgaria. Its ruler Alexander of Battenberg traveled already on September 8 ^jul. / September 20, 1885 ^greg. after a telegram immediately to Plovdiv to express the princely sovereignty over eastern Rumelia.

In response to the merger with the Principality of Bulgaria, the Russian Empire discontinued military cooperation. Austria-Hungary also wanted to prevent the events from spilling over to Macedonia . Under pressure from Austria-Hungary it came on November 1st ^July. / November 13, 1885 ^greg. surprising to the Serbian-Bulgarian war . The Serbian attack sparked a great wave of outrage in Bulgaria and further cooled off relations with Russia. Without Russian military advisers and without any support from a major power, Bulgaria had to face the better-equipped Serbian army. The war is therefore also known as the "War of the (Bulgarian) NCOs against the (Serbian) Generals" .

Not only the young Bulgarian army fought against the Serbian aggressors, but also a large number of organized freedom fighters (such as those of the BGZRK) and volunteers without any war experience. In the battle of Slivnitsa from November 17th to 19th, the Serbian army was defeated and the Bulgarians then marched into Serbia. Only the intervention of Austria-Hungary in favor of its ally ended the Bulgarian advance. Bulgaria emerged victorious from the war. By the Topchane contract of March 12th ^jul. / March 24, 1886 ^greg. the union of the Principality of Bulgaria with Eastern Rumelia was internationally recognized in autumn 1885.

Through his political experience and his position within the BGZRK, of which he was the spiritual leader and chairman, Sachari Stojanow contributed significantly to the organization, implementation and defense of the union of Eastern Rumelia with the Kingdom of Bulgaria . After the unification of Bulgaria , Sachari lived in Sofia from 1886 , where he became politically active for the People's Liberal Party . His great popularity led in 1886 to his election to the list of the “People's Liberal Party” in the fifth “Narodno Săbranie” ( Parliament ). In 1888 he was elected chairman of parliament. Sachari Stoyanov died in Paris on September 2, 1889.

His life, which lasted less than four decades, is characterized by great dynamism. He grew from a poor uneducated shepherd's son to one of the revolutionary apostles of the uprisings of 1885 and 1886, until he finally became one of the leading politicians of the “People's Liberal Party” and one of the great statesmen of Bulgaria. His grave is now in the "Pantheon of Immortals" in Russe . In his honor, Zahari Point , a headland on Robert Island in Antarctica , has been named after him since 2006 .

Literary activity and works

Sachari Stojanow wrote the works in less than ten years: “ Wasil Levski . Strokes from his life " , " The revolutionary groups in Bulgaria by Filip Totew, Hajji Dimitar , Stefan Karadscha " , " Christo Botew . An attempt at a biography ” and his fundamental work “ Chronicle of the Bulgarian Uprising 1875/1876. History of eyewitnesses " in three volumes.

Common pseudonyms used by Stoyanov as a writer were: Az, Baron Lultscho, Boron von Tikwesch, Star Komita, Stoyan the Shepherd, Omega.

• 1882 Iskander Bey. Story from Bulgarian life (Bulgarian Искандер бей. Разказ из българския живот );
• 1883 Wasil Levski. Strokes from his life (bulg. Васил Левски (Дяконът). Черти из живота му );
• 1884–1892 Chronicle of the Bulgarian uprisings of 1875/1876. History of eyewitnesses (Bulgarian Записки по българските въстания. Разказ на очевидци, 1870–1876 );
• 1885 The subjugation of Gavril Pasha, September 6, 1885 (Bulgarian Заробването на Гаврил паша, 6-ти септември 1885 г );
• 1885 Strokes from the life and literary activity of Lyuben Karawelow (Bulgarian Черти из живота и списателската деятелност на Любен С. Каравелов );
• 1886 Who are the culprits for August 9th? (bulg. Кои са виновниците на 9 август? )
• 1886 It was not yet its time ( Bulgar . Не му беше времето );
• 1887 Tschardafon Veliki (Bulgarian Чардафон Велики );
• 1867–1868 The Revolutionary Groups in Bulgaria by Filip Totew, Hajji Dimitar, Stefan Karadscha (Bulgarian Четите в България на Филип Тотя, Хаджи Димитър и Стефан Караджатефан Карад );
• 1888 Christo Botew. Attempt at a biography (Bulgarian Христо Ботйов. Опит за биография );

Sources and web links

Parts of this page are based on the Захарий Стоянов as well as other Bulgarian sources. The side Захарий Стоянов built on the site slovo.bg in the Virtual Library Bulgarian literature and has its Словото publish any approval autobiographies in Wikipedia.

• Christo Ognjanoff: Bulgaria , Glock and Lutz Verlag, Nuremberg, 1967, pp. 322–323
• Eduard Bayer, Dietmar Endler: Bulgarian literature at a glance , Verlag Philipp Reclam, Leipzig, 1983, pp. 122–125
• Literature by and about Zachari Stojanov in the catalog of the German National Library
• The Serbian-Bulgarian War of 1885 ( Memento of March 11, 2007 in the Internet Archive )

1. ↑ Slovoto (Bulgar.)