Char
Char | ||||||||||||
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From top to bottom: Arctic char ( Salvelinus alpinus ), Salvelinus colii and Salvelinus grayi . |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Salvelinus | ||||||||||||
Richardson , 1836 |
The char ( Salvelinus ) are a genus from the salmon fish family (Salmonidae).
description
The genus char belongs to the salmon family and has the adipose fin typical of all salmonids . The physique is streamlined. The genus is characterized by an extraordinary diversity among the individual species, which is even greater than that of other salmon fish genera. Therefore the systematics of the char has not yet been finally clarified.
habitat
The char can be found all over the northern hemisphere. They usually prefer cold, clear fresh water. Only a few species live anadromously (migrating from salt water to fresh water to spawn). Char are the freshwater fish that have penetrated the furthest into arctic waters.
Due to their natural isolation, Arctic char form trunks that differ slightly from lake to lake in terms of their color.
Economic importance as edible fish
Char are considered excellent food fish . Due to the high demands placed on ecological conditions, re-rearing and rearing is difficult. Therefore, only a comparatively small number of char come on the market.
In the last few decades, and increasingly so in the last few years, char production has also become more important in aquaculture . The most important European producer country is currently Iceland . Like trout, char can be raised in ponds, basins and canals ( pond management ), achieve significantly higher market prices than rainbow trout and are therefore of interest to pond owners. In quite a few trout pond farms, up to 30 percent and more of sales are now achieved with char.
The rearing of char does not differ significantly from the rearing of rainbow trout in terms of feeding, keeping and water requirements . However, spawning fish management is more difficult, and there are higher hatching and rearing losses. This also makes the eggs and saplings more expensive than trout . The sales revenue for live or kitchen-ready char is on average around a third higher than for trout.
List of char species
- Subgenus Baione
- Brook trout ( Salvelinus fontinalis ( Mitchill , 1815))
- American arctic char ( Salvelinus namaycush ( whale tree in Artedi , 1792))
- Subgenus Salvelinus
- † Salvelinus agassizii ( Garman , 1885)
- Salvelinus albus Glubokovsky , 1977
- Arctic char ( Salvelinus alpinus Linnaeus , 1758)
- Salvelinus anaktuvukensis Morrow , 1973
- Salvelinus andriashevi Berg , 1948
- Salvelinus boganidae Berg , 1926
- Salvelinus colii ( Günther , 1863)
- Bull trout ( Salvelinus confluentus ( Suckley , 1859))
- Salvelinus curilus ( Pallas , 1814)
- Salvelinus czerskii Drjagin in Berg , 1932
- Salvelinus drjagini Logashev , 1940
- Salvelinus elgyticus Viktorovsky & Glubokovsky in Viktorovsky et al. , 1981
- Salvelinus fimbriatus Regan , 1908
- Shetland char ( Salvelinus gracillimus Regan , 1909)
- Salvelinus grayi ( Günther , 1862)
- Salvelinus gritzenkoi Vasil'eva & Stygar , 2000
- Salvelinus inframundus Regan , 1909
- Salvelinus jacuticus Borisov , 1935
- Salvelinus killinensis ( Günther , 1866)
- Salvelinus krogiusae Glubokovsky, Frolov, Efremov, Ribnikova & Katugin , 1993
- Salvelinus kronocius Viktorovsky , 1978
- Salvelinus kuznetzovi Taranetz , 1933
- Salvelinus leucomaenis ( Pallas , 1814)
- Salvelinus levanidovi Chereshnev, Skopets & Gudkov , 1989
- Salvelinus lonsdalii Regan , 1909
- Salvelinus mallochi Regan , 1909
- Dolly Varden Trout ( Salvelinus malma ( Walbaum in Artedi , 1792))
- Salvelinus maxillaris Regan , 1909
- Salvelinus murta ( Saemundsson , 1909)
- Salvelinus neiva Taranetz , 1933
- † Salvelinus neocomensis Freyhof , Kottelat , 2005
- Salvelinus obtusus Regan , 1908
- Salvelinus perisii ( Günther , 1865)
- Deep-sea char ( Salvelinus profundus ( Schillinger , 1901))
- Salvelinus Sharffi Regan , 1908
- Salvelinus schmidti Viktorovsky , 1978
- Salvelinus struanensis ( Maitland , 1881)
- Salvelinus taimyricus Mikhin in Berg , 1949
- Salvelinus taranetzi Kaganowsky , 1955
- Salvelinus thingvallensis ( Saemundsson , 1909)
- Salvelinus tolmachoffi Berg , 1926
- Salvelinus trevelyani Regan , 1908
- Salvelinus umbla ( Linnaeus , 1758)
- Salvelinus willoughbii ( Günther , 1862)
- Salvelinus youngeri Friend , 1956
- Subgenus Salvethymus
- Salvelinus svetovidovi Chereshnev & Skopets , 1990
Intersections
- Alsatian char ( Salvelinus alpinus × fontinalis )
Web links
- Salvelinus on Fishbase.org (English)
literature
- Joseph S. Nelson , Terry C. Grande, Mark VH Wilson: Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons, 2016, ISBN 978-1118342336 , pages 246-247.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Char and char crossbreeds in trout pond farming . Website Bavarian State Agency for Agriculture, Institute for Fisheries. Retrieved April 3, 2015.