Almond willow
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Almond Willow ( Salix triandra ) |
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The almond willow ( Salix triandra L. ) is a species from the genus of willows ( Salix ). A synonym is Salix amygdalina L. .
description
The almond willow is a large shrub to a small tree that can reach a height of 10 meters. The trunk often branches out early, creating an irregular crown. The bark of young shoots is smooth and brown-gray, with older ones it becomes scaly and partially flakes off, so that an orange-brown pattern is created.
The leaves of the willow are elongated, 4 to 11 cm long and 1 to 3 cm wide. They are matt dark green on the top and gray-green on the underside. The petiole is about 1 to 2 cm long and two stipules are on it. The catkins emerge at the same time as the leaves in early spring. The almond willow is diocesan , male and female kittens grow on different individuals. The male kittens are 2.5 to 8 cm long, the female 2 to 4 cm. Since the male flowers have three stamens , they can be easily distinguished from other willow species, these usually have two or five stamens.
The scientific name ( Salix trianda ) comes from the fact that the male flowers have three stamens. In Greek means three- tri- . The German name almond willow comes from the fact that the leaves resemble those of almonds .
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 38, 44 or 88.
Systematics
One can distinguish the following subspecies in Europe and the Middle East:
- Salix triandra subsp. triandra
- Salix triandra subsp. bornmuelleri (Hausskn.) AK Skvortsov (Syn .: Salix bornmuelleri Hausskn. ): It occurs in Turkey, Syria and Armenia.
In Central Europe, some authors distinguish two further subspecies:
- Salix triandra subsp. triandra
- Salix triandra subsp. discolor (Wimm. & Grab.) Arcang. (Syn .: Salix amygdalina var. Discolor Wimm. & Grab. )
In the wild, the almond willow often forms hybrids with basket willows ( Salix viminalis ), these are then called Salix × mollissima Hoffm. ex Elwert .
Plants from the Far East , formerly known as Salix triandra var. Nipponica (Franch. & Savatier) Seem. named, are now called the independent species Salix nipponica Franch. & Sav. viewed. Like the almond willow, this species has three stamens.
Distribution and location
The almond willow is native to Eurasia , its occurrences range from England to Lake Baikal , and from Spain to the mountain ranges of the Caucasus and Elbors . The plant often grows on river banks and on damp or swampy soils.
The almond willow occurs in alluvial bushes on river and brook banks on oozing wet, periodically flooded, nutrient-rich and base-rich, mostly calcareous raw clay soils. Together with the basket willow ( Salix viminalis ) and the purple willow ( Salix purpurea ), it is a species of Salicetum triandrae from the Salicion albae association.
cultivation
This type of willow is often used for weaving and has therefore been cultivated.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Andreas Roloff , Andreas Bärtels: Flora of the woods. Purpose, properties and use. With a winter key from Bernd Schulz. 3rd, corrected edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5614-6 , p. 589 (entry Salix triandra ).
- ↑ a b c R. D. Meikle: Willows and Poplars of Great Britain and Ireland. (= BSBI Handbook. No. 4). 1984, ISBN 0-901158-07-0 .
- ^ A b K. Rushforth: Trees of Britain and Europe . Collins, 1999, ISBN 0-00-220013-9 .
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas. 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 305-306.
- ↑ a b P. Uotila: Salicaceae. -. In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. 2011. Data sheet Salix triandra
- ↑ Andreas Roloff, Andreas Bärtels: Flora of the woods. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2008, p. 589, entry Salix triandra
- ↑ a b Salix triandra at Den Virtuella Floran (Swedish)
- ↑ Salix nipponica on efloras.org (English)
- ↑ Salix triandra L. on a page from the University of Marburg ( Memento of the original from December 17, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Web links
- Almond willow. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Almond willow . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Salix triandra L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved October 2, 2015.
- Distribution in the northern hemisphere according to: Eric Hultén , Magnus Fries: Atlas of North European vascular plants 1986, ISBN 3-87429-263-0 .
- Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )
