Sally Kaufmann

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Sally Kaufmann and his sons Benno, Micha and Martin. In the background his wife Helene, around 1936 in Giv'atajim.

Sally Kaufmann (born on 26. February 1890 in Ungedanken , Schwalm-Eder-Kreis in Hesse , died on 29. November 1956 in givatayim , Israel ) was an in Kassel active editor and publicist .

biography

Sally Kaufmann was born as the son of the Jewish teacher Markus Kaufmann and his second wife Betty. He attended elementary school in Fritzlar until 1900 and then switched to Latin school, which he left in 1906 in order to qualify like his father for the profession of teacher. For economic reasons, however, he began a commercial apprenticeship in 1907, which he completed in 1910. During the First World War , Kaufmann served in the German Army from 1915 to 1916 . He was badly wounded on the Somme in 1916. Kaufmann was awarded the Iron Cross II for his service in the First World War . Until 1918 he was treated in various hospitals because of his severe injuries and was released as a 60% war disabled.

After the hospital stays, Kaufmann attended evening school, initially volunteered in the "war blind care" and was the manager of a glass and porcelain shop in Kassel. In 1921 he married Helene Kaufmann. Sally and Helene Kaufmann were parents to three sons: Martin (1922–2018), Benno (1924–2017) and Micha (1931–2006). In 1921 Kaufmann went into business for himself by founding a grocery store in downtown Kassel, which he ran with his wife. Kaufmann had been a member of the board of directors of the Kassel group of the Reichsbundischer Frontsoldaten (RjF) since 1924 and was active in the Kassel Zionist group, of which he was also part of the board. Kaufmann was also active in the parents' council of the Israelite elementary school in Kassel, where he was committed to ensuring that the children of Kassel Jews attend this school.

Editor, publisher and publicist

In 1924 Kaufmann founded the Jewish weekly newspaper for Cassel, Hessen and Waldeck , initially on behalf of the Jewish community of Kassel , and was its editor until 1932. Together with the Kassel lawyer Julius Dalberg, he was also editor-in-chief of this newspaper, which was distinguished by its proximity to the Weimar Republic and in which not only local authors, such as Rudolph Hallo , articles on the local history of the Jewish community, but also nationally prominent authors how Arnold Zweig , Theodor Lessing and Max Brod published articles with demanding content. The newspaper reported regularly on the anti-Semitic incidents, especially in northern Hesse and Kassel. The authors repeatedly took a clear stance against the enemies of the republic, especially against the NSDAP . Many articles deserve special mention, especially by Arnold Zweig, which also dealt theoretically with anti-Semitism and National Socialism . The editor and publisher of the Jewish weekly newspaper also gave wide scope to the political disputes between Zionists in the Weimar Republic and the Central Association . Multiple pages of supplements from the two counterparties were added to the newspaper.

On September 12, 1927, Kaufmann published the article Hesse's Jewish teachers in the war in the RjF magazine “Der Schild” . On August 21, 1925, his report on the 14th Zionist Congress in Vienna was published in No. 33 of the Jewish weekly newspaper , which clearly expressed his ties to the Zionist movement. In this article he wrote the following programmatic lines: " The ideas of individuals and the demands made by a small number of people twenty-eight years ago have now become realities that have found their validity in the world of facts. The strongest reality is Jewish Palestine, with its growing cities, thriving colonies, the striking Hebrew language, and its working people: these realities, of which this Congress gives a clear and comprehensive picture, are the strongest foundation for the continued existence of the Jewish people in the present and for his creative life in the future. "

As an author, Kaufmann rarely appeared, only a few articles and editorial contributions are provided with Kfm, his presumed abbreviation. At the end of the twenties, Kaufmann was the publisher of various newspapers in various cities in Germany and organized readings and cultural evenings in Kassel. The Jewish weekly newspaper was recently published in Hanover, Wiesbaden, Bremen and other cities. His publishing house had a branch in Düsseldorf.

The advertisement from 1931 illustrates Kaufmann's publishing activities

emigration

Due to the increasing influence of the National Socialists and repeated conflicts with Roland Freisler , who was then a lawyer and city councilor of the NSDAP in Kassel, he decided to leave Kassel with his family in 1932. Kaufmann went to Belgium and Kaufmann's brother-in-law Ludwig (Leo) Goldberg continued to run the Jewish weekly newspaper until April 1933, when it was discontinued in its tenth year of publication. The rest of the family left Kassel to temporarily stay with Helene Kaufmann's parents in Darmstadt . Kaufmann worked in Belgium as a correspondent for the Frankfurter Zeitung , before traveling with his family in April 1933 to Eretz Israel , part of the British Mandate of Palestine .

The Kaufmann family traveled with the Vulcania via Cannes to Haifa . There she was initially taken in by the Josef Prager family, and a short time later she went on to Tel Aviv . In the mid-thirties Sally Kaufmann was able to buy a house in what is now Giv'atajim. The family lived on their savings until 1937, when Kaufmann first worked as an employee in a bookstore, which he took over in 1939. In 1953, Kaufmann fell ill so seriously that he was no longer able to work. Seriously ill and impoverished, Kaufmann died in Giv'atajim in 1956.

Publications

  • Sally Kaufmann: Lecture by Ledermann , Jewish weekly newspaper for Kassel, Hesse and Waldeck, No. 23, October 31, 1924.
  • Sally Kaufmann: The twentieth delegates' day of the German Zionists , Jewish weekly newspaper for Kassel, Hesse and Waldeck, No. 1, January 2, 1925.
  • Sally Kaufmann: The Zionist Congress , Jewish weekly newspaper for Kassel, Hesse and Waldeck, No. 33, August 21, 1925.
  • Sally Kaufmann: Palestine or Russia? Jewish weekly newspaper for Kassel, Hesse and Waldeck, No. 43, October 30, 1925.
  • Sally Kaufmann: Can you tell the truth about Palestine? Jewish weekly newspaper for Kassel, Hesse and Waldeck, No. 23, May 14, 1926.
  • Sally Kaufmann: Hesse's Jewish teachers in the war , Der Schild No. 37/38, September 12, 1927.

References

  • Brief of the lawyers Fritz Wiesner and Georg Führling, Frankfurt dated November 15, 1954, pages 35-36 of the compensation file Sally Kaufmann , HHStAW 518, 66602 .
  • Sally Kaufmann's affidavit dated November 15, 1954, sheet 39 of Sally Kaufmann's compensation file, HHStAW 518, 66602.
  • Sally Kaufmann's affidavit of June 26, 1955, pages 56-57 of Sally Kaufmann's compensation file, HHStAW 518, 66602.
  • Sally Kaufmann's affidavit dated June 26, 1955, sheet 58 of Sally Kaufmann's compensation file, HHStAW 518, 66602.
  • Sally Kaufmann's affidavit dated June 29, 1955, pages 65-67 of Sally Kaufmann's compensation file, HHStAW 518, 66602.
  • Affidavit of Ludwig (Leo) Goldberg from July 4, 1955, sheet 72-73 of Sally Kaufmann's compensation file, HHStAW 518, 66602.
  • Testimony of Katharina Kamman from April 14, 1956 before the Witzenhausen District Court, sheet 102-103 of the compensation file Sally Kaufmann , HHStAW 518, 66602.
  • Affidavit of Helene Kaufmann dated September 30, 1965, sheet 342 of the Sally Kaufmann compensation file, HHStAW 518, 66602.
  • Testimony of Eleasar Gilad (Ludwig Goldberg) from June 15, 1966, Jerusalem, sheet 409-410 of the compensation file Sally Kaufmann , HHStAW 518, 66602.

literature

  • Jonas Dörge, Sally Kaufmann - editor and Zionist from North Hesse , Kassel 2018
  • Jonas Dörge, Ungedanken - Kassel - Tel Aviv: The story of an emigration , Kassel 2017 ( excerpts online on: Schwerer Sand )
  • Jonas Dörge, In the fight for Israel, The biographies of Sally Kaufmann and Mordechai Tadmor , in: jungle world, April 19, 2018, 2018/16
  • Dietfrid Krause-Vilmar , Jews in Kassel. A look into the past of the older Jewish community , in: Kassel in der Moderne. Studies and research on city history, (Ed.) J. Fleming u. D. Krause-Vilmar, Marburg 2013, pp. 161-181
  • Paulgerhard Lohmann, The Jews and their Synagogues in Fritzlar, Ungedanken and Züschen , Geschichtsverein Fritzlar, Contributions to City History No. 19, o. O. 2010.
  • Wolfgang Matthäus, Kaiserstraße 13. Stories of Jewish life and its destruction in the Middle West, in Kassel and the region , Kassel 2014

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Information about the father Sally Kaufmann, the teacher Markus Kaufmann, can be found at allemania-judaica.de . Markus Kaufmann was a teacher at the Jewish elementary school in Unthanken and taught there from 1874-1891, he was considered a "great scholar in German". (Cf., Paulgerhard Lohmann, Die Juden und their Synagogen in Fritzlar, Ungedanken und Züschen , o. O. 2010, p. 34).
  2. ↑ All biographical information comes from the affidavits of Sally and Helene Kaufmann, which are part of Sally Kaufmann's compensation file of the Hessian Main State Archives HHStAW 518, 66602.
  3. ↑ Kaufmann speaks of the "war blind care". What is meant is the " Association of Blind Warriors ", from which the Association of War Blind Germany (BKD) emerged after the Second World War.
  4. ↑ Biographical data can be found on the website of the Stolpersteine ​​in Kassel eV The life story of Mordechai Tadmor (Martin Kaufmann) is in the two brochures Ungedanken-Kassel-Tel Aviv: The story of an emigration and West of the Suez. Stories of the German Jew Martin Kaufmann recorded in the service of King George VI (see Tag Tadmor on Schwerer Sand ).
  5. ↑ In Kassel, as in various other cities of the Weimar Republic, there was a local group of the Zionist Association (ZvfD) . The ZvfD had up to 30,000 members in the 1920s. The association was directed against the assimilation efforts represented by the Centralverein . The ZvfD worked closely with the Jewish People's Party , which was also represented in Kassel (see: Moshe Zimmermann, Die Deutschen Juden 1914–1945 , Munich 1997). On October 30, 1925, No. 43 of the Jewish weekly newspaper mentions that Kaufmann was second chairman of the Kassel Zionist group alongside Julius Dalberg.
  6. ↑ The chairman of the parents 'council of the Israelitische Volksschule, lawyer Seemann, confirmed in a letter that Kaufmann, as the parents' council, had "emphatically" advocated this matter (Jüdische Wochenzeitung, April 24, 1931).
  7. ↑ In No. 11 of the Jewish weekly newspaper from 1924, Kaufmann's name is mentioned for the first time as the person responsible for the content on the front page of the newspaper. Parts of the Jüdische Wochenzeitung are available on the website of the Leo Baeck Institute New York Berlin: Jüdische Wochenzeitung (Kassel, Germany: 1924-1933?) . The newspaper is archived on microfilm in the Murhardsche Landesbibliothek Kassel .
  8. ↑ Short biography Julius Dalberg
  9. ↑ Dietfrid Krause Vilmar, Jews in Kassel. A look into the past of the older Jewish community , in: Kassel in der Moderne, ed., Jens Flemming and Dietfrid Krause Vilmar p. 177. Also in detail: Jonas Dörge, Sally Kaufmann - editor and Zionist from North Hesse, Kassel 2018
  10. ↑ Hesse's Jewish teachers in the war , in: Der Schild, No. 37/38, 1927 .
  11. ↑ Jonas Dörge, Sally Kaufmann - editor and Zionist from North Hesse , Kassel 2018, p. 4f.
  12. ↑ Kaufmann's affidavit dated May 29, 1955 ( Sally Kaufmann compensation file ).
  13. ↑ The conflicts with Freisler are mentioned by Kaufmann in autobiographical notes from various affidavits. Kaufmann's brother-in-law Ludwig (Leo) Goldberg also reported on these in an affidavit dated July 4, 1955 ( Sally Kaufmann compensation file ). In No. 27 of the Jewish weekly newspaper from 1927, a shorter article reports on a clash with Freisler in court. No. 34 from 1929 reports on threats by the National Socialists against Kaufmann.
  14. ↑ Testimony of Eleasar Gilad (Goldberg) from June 15, 1966 ( Sally Kaufmann compensation file ).
  15. ↑ The Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung could confirm only in 1955 due to lost documents that Kaufmann worked before 1933 for the Frankfurter Zeitung. Goldberg reported in an affidavit from 1955 that Kaufmann had been working as a foreign correspondent in Belgium since mid-1932 in order to "escape the uncomfortable conditions in Kassel." ( Sally Kaufmann compensation file ).
  16. ↑ There are various details in the compensation file about the time at which the businessman and his family left Kassel. The housemaid of the Kaufmann family, Katharina Kamman, mentions July 1932 in a testimony before the Witzenhausen District Court from 1956. Eleasar Gilad (Goldberg) also repeated his statement in a judicial questioning from 1966 that Kaufmann was already Went to Belgium in 1932. The registration file of the city of Kassel dated September 18, 1950, shows that the Kaufmann family was de-registered for Tel Aviv in September 1933. (Registration files of the city of Kassel, sheet 4 of the Sally Kaufmann compensation file ). Sally Kaufmann's eldest son, Mordechai Tadmor, confirmed to the author that the family would leave Kassel in the summer of 1932.
  17. ↑ Josef Prager is the son of Isaac Prager and lived in Kassel until 1932. He was an author for the Jewish weekly newspaper.
  18. ↑ Kaufmann writes to the compensation authority that he fell seriously ill in 1953 and was no longer able to work and had to live on the support of “a son”. In a certificate from Irgun Olej Merkas Europe dated January 31, 1955, Kaufmann is described as seriously ill and without assets ( Sally Kaufmann compensation file ).
personal data
SURNAME Merchant, Sally
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German publisher
DATE OF BIRTH February 26, 1890
PLACE OF BIRTH Unthoughts
DATE OF DEATH November 29, 1956
Place of death Giv'atajim