Salzach Bridge (Laufen – Oberndorf)

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Coordinates: 47 ° 56 ′ 23 ″  N , 12 ° 56 ′ 20 ″  E

Salzach Bridge
Salzach Bridge
use Road bridge
Crossing of Salzach
place Laufen / Oberndorf near Salzburg
construction Cantilever bridge with Gerber beam
overall length 166 m
width 8 m
Longest span 78 m
start of building December 1901
completion May 1903
opening June 2, 1903
location
Salzach Bridge (Laufen – Oberndorf) (Bavaria)
Salzach Bridge (Laufen – Oberndorf)
Salzbachbrücke from Oberndorf to Laufen 30.jpg
Arch of the Bavarian pylon
p1

The Salzach Bridge is a historic road bridge over the Salzach that connects the Bavarian city of Laufen with the Austrian city of Oberndorf near Salzburg . It was built between 1901 and 1903 during the reign of Emperor Franz Joseph I and Prince Regent Luitpold of Bavaria . Within a radius of 15 km it is still the only connection for motor vehicles between Bavaria and the State of Salzburg .

location

The Salzach Bridge connects Marienplatz in Laufen with Brückenstraße in Oberndorf. The Bavarian State Road 2103 and the Austrian State Road B 156a meet there. The next bridges upstream are the motorway bridge of the West Autobahn over the Salzach and the road bridge over the Saalach between Freilassing and Salzburg , both around 15 km away. After the Europasteg , which opened in 2006 and is only open to pedestrians and cyclists, the next bridge is located downstream in Tittmoning, 21 km away .

description

The Salzach Bridge spans the river over a length of 166 m. It has a 5 m wide carriageway with two lanes and two sidewalks 1.5 m wide. The road has a gradient of 1.25% in the direction of Oberndorf. Its iron, riveted half-timbered construction rests on two pillars and spans three openings with spans of 39.14 m + 78.29 m + 48.93 m = 166.36 m.

Iron pylons , clad with sheet metal, richly decorated and connected with a curved, openwork arch to form a portal, stand above the rammed concrete pillars clad with natural stone . On the apex of the arches there are gold-leaf replicas of the Austrian and Bavarian crowns, on the sides of the arches there are cartouches with the respective historical national coats of arms .

The upper ends of the pylons are shaped as spheres on which eagles stand. The arch approaches were provided with the monograms of the respective rulers. There are triton masks on the sides of the pylons , and memorial plaques have been placed underneath. Candelabra on the pylons and on the stone pillars in front of the bridge are used for lighting. Simple railings with horizontal and vertical cross bars delimit the walkways.

One of the two pillars stands on the Bavarian bank, while the other pillar stands in front of the steep bank on the Austrian side in the river, in the middle of which the state border runs. 60% of the bridge is therefore on German and 40% on Austrian territory. In the same ratio, the costs for the construction, maintenance and renovation of the bridge were and will be borne by the two states.

The upper chords of the truss construction form a polygon following the chain line , the lower chords are straight. Although the bridge looks like a stiffened chain bridge , it is a Gerber girder bridge with two cantilever girders protruding into the main opening and an articulated suspension girder . The lower chords are connected by cross girders and diagonal bars on which the longitudinal girders take up the load of the reinforced concrete deck. In order to compensate for the load of the suspension beam, counterweights made of concrete and tie rods were built into the ends of the cantilever beams.

history

Today's bridge was built when it was realized that rebuilding the old bridge between Laufen and the historic Oberndorf, which had been destroyed several times by floods, was pointless.

prehistory

Until the end of the 19th century, the historic Oberndorf was located at the bend in the Salzach, around 600 m below today's bridge. It consisted of a group of a few houses at the point where the Alte Landstrasse meets the Schöffleutgasse today, as well as a few houses further downstream along today's Uferstrasse. In the area around today's bridge, on the other hand, there were only meadows and fields on the Oberndorf side.

Since at least 1278 there has been a wooden Joch bridge over the Salzach roughly where the Europasteg is today . It connected the town mountain and the lower town gate in Laufen with the foot of the Kalvarienberg in Oberndorf and the houses along the shore road. The old remains of the bridge piers can still be seen at low tide.

Over the centuries, Laufen and above all the low-lying Oberndorf suffered from floods that damaged or completely destroyed the bridge, for example in 1314, 1508, 1567, 1598, 1786 and 1787.

In August 1896, an unusually high flood tore part of the bridge away again. While the plans for a higher iron arch bridge were still being planned, a flood occurred on July 31 and August 1, 1897, which exceeded the last one by a meter and not only tore away the temporarily repaired wooden bridge, but also the plans for the new bridge lapsed. When it was finally agreed to build an even higher bridge, the floods of September 13 and 14, 1899 exceeded all previously registered brands and also made new plans for a higher bridge to prevent waste. This flood exceeded the access roads to the previous bridge by two to three meters and destroyed the abutment on the Oberndorfer side. In addition, almost all buildings and the parish church of St. Nikolaus in Oberndorf were damaged or destroyed.

It was therefore decided to build a bridge at the current location, an idea that had previously failed due to resistance from both communities. The area there was high enough to make the access roads flood-free. After the construction of the new bridge, the previous Oberndorf was largely abandoned and demolished and a new location was built on the new bridge.

Construction of the bridge

The design of the bridge had to be drawn up by the Austrian building authorities in agreement with the Bavarian building authorities in accordance with a state treaty between Austria and Bavaria dated December 24, 1820. The iron construction was planned by Karl Haberkalt and Johann Lipold in the Department of Roads and Bridge Construction in the Imperial and Royal Ministry of the Interior; the architectural design was carried out by Alois Koch in the Department of Building Construction in Vienna, headed by Emil Ritter von Förster . On the Bavarian side, the Royal Bavarian Road and River Construction Office in Traunstein was responsible.

The conception of the new bridge resulted in part from the local conditions: The Bavarian abutment was to be in line with the existing walls along the high bank, the Austrian one had to leave enough space for the towpath and the ship's train on the steeper bank there . To avoid the increased cost of a large span bridge, two piers were provided. The position of the pillar on the Bavarian side resulted from the fact that it had to stand behind the towpath there. A sensible distribution of the spans over the three openings resulted in the position of the other pillar in the water and thus ultimately the spans of 39 m + 78 m + 49 m. Since the bank in Laufen is slightly higher than the one on the opposite side, the bridge was given a gradient of 1.25% in this direction. The lower edge of the bridge was thus on the left, Laufen abutment by 3.30 m and on the right, Oberndorf abutment by 1.25 m above the flood of 1899.

For the iron superstructure, it was decided to use a tannery girder construction with a chain-shaped curved upper chord and a straight lower chord as well as two joints in the main opening between the cantilever girders and the suspension girder.

Construction began in December 1901 and was completed in May 1903. The bridge was officially opened on June 2, 1903.

Another story

A few days before the end of World War II , the bridge was prepared for demolition, and an SS lieutenant from Oberndorf threatened to blow up the bridge on May 1, 1945. At the instigation of the mayor, some courageous residents of Oberndorf and Laufen were able to defuse the explosive devices on May 4th, just before American troops marched into Laufen.

The bridge was renovated in 1979 and 1980, and in 2002 repair work was carried out on the iron structure.

Salzach Bridge

On the occasion of the centenary of the bridge, Deutsche Post AG and Austrian Post issued a joint special stamp in 2003.

In the years 2005 to 2007 a fundamental renovation was carried out, during which various parts of the bridge had to be completely renewed.

The Salzachbrücke stands as a monument of the city running as well as a protected monument in Oberndorf under monument protection .

In the course of the corona epidemic, the bridge was also closed to pedestrians on March 16, 2020.

literature

Web links

Commons : Salzachbrücke Oberndorf – Laufen  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Plate 11: Sketches of the bridge. In: Karl Haberkalt: The bridging of the Salzach between Oberndorf and Laufen. In: Allgemeine Bauzeitung, 1902, p. 17.
  2. ↑ Originally the roadway consisted of a gravel cover on Zoresis iron with longitudinal ribs; later this was replaced by a concrete slab.
  3. ↑ Plate 12: Site plan. In: Karl Haberkalt: The bridging of the Salzach between Oberndorf and Laufen. In: Allgemeine Bauzeitung, 1902, p. 17 (online at ANNO )
  4. ↑ Historical map of Laufen. In: geoportal bayern.de, Bayernatlas
  5. ^ Seethaler: Description of the city and regional court running. 1802, quoted from Karl Haberkalt: The bridging of the Salzach between Oberndorf and Laufen. In: Allgemeine Bauzeitung, 1902, p. 17 (online at ANNO )
  6. ↑ At the same time, the extreme flooding in Munich destroyed the Max Joseph Bridge and the Luitpold Bridge
  7. ↑ a b c Karl Haber cold: Bridging the Salzach between Oberndorf and running. In: Allgemeine Bauzeitung, 1902, pp. 17–30 (online at ANNO )
  8. ↑ Stadtpfarre St. Nikolaus Oberndorf near Salzburg - The late baroque Nikolauskirche ( Memento of the original from January 16, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.pfarreoberndorf.at
  9. ^ General overhaul of the Salzach Bridge between Laufen and Oberndorf . ( Memento of the original from January 16, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Flyer on the website of the Traunstein State Building Authority @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.stbats.bayern.de