Samuel Holdheim

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Samuel Holdheim around 1838

Samuel Holdheim (born 1806 in Kempen (then South Prussia , now Poland); died August 22, 1860 in Berlin ) was a Jewish scholar and rabbi of Reform Judaism .

youth

Samuel Holdheim was the son of Isaak Holdheim. He completed a Talmudic course in Kempen, after which he was a private teacher. He was self-taught in the secular sciences. He was a student of Rabbi Joseph-Joske Spiro in Kurnik , whose daughter Reichel he married around 1825, with whom he had a child. However, the marriage was divorced again in 1835.

He was ordained by Löb Glogau and Samuel Landau in Prague , by Izak Spitz in Jungbunzlau , by Chaim Deutschmann in Kolín and by other Austrian rabbis.

From 1833 to 1834 he was a guest student of philosophy at the Karl Ferdinand University in Prague.

In August 1836 he married Caecilie Salomon (1813-1889), daughter of Nathan Salomon from Frankfurt (Oder) . He had more children with her.

In February 1839 he received his doctorate in Leipzig with the thesis Some on the history of the dogmatics of Jewish religious teaching.

Professional life and works

Samuel Holdheim was Chief Rabbi in Frankfurt (Oder) from 1836 to August 1840 , then from May 1840 Grand Ducal Mecklenburg-Schwerin State Rabbi . He followed, with a modified title, Josua Falk Albu (1767-1832), the chief rabbi of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, fourth in the row of top rabbis of the country that began in 1763. Holdheim lived in Schwerin in the rabbi house at Großer Moor 12. He was followed by David Meyer Einhorn as regional rabbi . On September 5, 1847, Holdheim was introduced to the office of first preacher of the reform cooperative in Berlin , which was founded in 1845, and he served as its most determined representative until his death. He continued to claim the title of "rabbi" alongside that of preacher. During his term of office, the building (1852/1853) of the temple at Johannisstrasse 16 fell according to plans by the architect Friedrich Gustav Alexander Stier (1807–1880). Holdheim died on August 22, 1860.

In addition to several volumes of sermons and smaller essays, he published:

  • About the autonomy of rabbis and the principle of Jewish marriage. A contribution on some of the contemporary issues relating to Judaism. Kürschner, Schwerin 1843 ( digitized version )
  • Concerning circumcision, first in a religious-dogmatic relation. Kürschner, Schwerin and Berlin 1844 ( digitized version ).
  • History of the origins and development of the Jewish reform community in Berlin, in connection with the overall Jewish reformatory efforts of modern times. Springer, Berlin 1857 ( digitized version ).

Samuel Holdheim died in Berlin in 1860 at the age of 53 or 54. He was buried in the Jewish cemetery at Schönhauser Allee . The grave is preserved.

After his death, a Hebrew book about marriage laws was published ( Ma'amar ha-išût , Berlin 1861).

literature

  • Ralph Bisschops: Metaphor as the Internalization of a Ritual - With a Case Study on Samuel Holdheim (1806-1860). In: Ralph Bisschops & James Francis (editors): Metaphor, Canon and Community - Jewish, Christian and Islamic Approaches. Peter Lang, Bern 1999, pp. 284-307ff.
  • Dirk Drewelow: The state rabbinate of the reformer Samuel Holdheim in the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1840-47). Rostock, Univ., Dissertation, 2003.
  • Holdheim, Samuel. In: Lexicon of German-Jewish Authors . Volume 12: Hirs – Jaco. Edited by the Bibliographia Judaica archive. Saur, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-598-22692-2 , pp. 195-203.
  • Vanessa Krahl: Samuel Holdheim's religious reform concept. Master's thesis, Freie Univ. Berlin, 2006.
  • Immanuel Heinrich Ritter : Samuel Holdheim: His life and his works. A contribution to d. latest reform efforts in Judaism. (= History of the Jewish Reformation; Part 3). WJ Peiser, Berlin 1865.
  • Immanuel Heinrich Ritter:  Holdheim, Samuel . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 12, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1880, p. 734 f.
  • Hans-Joachim Schoeps :  Holdheim, Salomon. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 9, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1972, ISBN 3-428-00190-7 , p. 526 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Christian Wiese (Ed.): Redefining Judaism in an age of emancipation: comparative perspectives on Samuel Holdheim (1806-1860). (= Studies in European Judaism; 13). Brill, Leiden and Boston 2007, ISBN 90-04-15265-2 .
  • Entry HOLDHEIM, Samuel, Dr. In: Michael Brocke and Julius Carlebach (eds.), Edited by Carsten Wilke : Biographisches Handbuch der Rabbis. Part 1: The rabbis of the emancipation period in the German, Bohemian and Greater Poland countries 1781–1871. K G Saur, Munich 2004, pp. 454 f.
  • Michael Buddrus , Sigrid Fritzlar: Jews in Mecklenburg. 1845 - 1945. Paths and fates. A memorial book. Volume 1. Ed .: Institute for Contemporary History Munich - Berlin / State Center for Civic Education Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Schwerin 2019, ISBN 978-3-9816439-9-2 , p. 172.

Honors

Street sign of the Landesrabbiner-Holdheim-Strasse in the old town of Schwerin

By resolution of January 25, 2010, Schweriner Schlachterstrasse in the section from house numbers 1–7 was renamed “Landesrabbiner-Holdheim-Strasse” in honor of Samuel Holdheim .

Web links

Commons : Samuel Holdheim  - Collection of Pictures, Videos and Audio Files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ * Michael Buddrus, Sigrid Fritzlar: Jews in Mecklenburg. 1845 - 1945. Paths and fates. A memorial book. Volume 1. Ed .: Institute for Contemporary History Munich - Berlin / State Center for Civic Education Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Schwerin 2019, ISBN 978-3-9816439-9-2 , p. 177.
  2. ↑ Ladwig-Winters, Simone: Freedom and Bond . Ed .: Galliner, Peter. 1st edition. HENTRICH & HENTRICH, Teetz 2004, ISBN 3-933471-49-4 , p. 69 .
  3. ↑ Katrin Richter, "Berlin - Synagogue remains discovered: the foundations of the" Reform Temple "were exposed during construction work", in: Jüdische Allgemeine (May 27, 2016).
  4. ↑ Memorial plaques in Berlin: Memorial plaques in Berlin - Memorial plaque advertisement. Accessed November 14, 2018 (German).
  5. ^ Hans-Jürgen Mende : Lexicon of Berlin burial places . Pharus-Plan, Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-86514-206-1 , p. 353.
  6. ↑ Pay tribute to the Mecklenburg State Rabbi Samuel Holdheim. State capital Schwerin, November 23, 2009, accessed on September 9, 2014 .
  7. ↑ Axel Seitz: Schwerin: A street for the rabbi. In: Jüdische Allgemeine. March 4, 2010, accessed September 9, 2014 .

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personal data
SURNAME Holdheim, Samuel
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Scholar and Rabbi
DATE OF BIRTH 1806
PLACE OF BIRTH Kępno
DATE OF DEATH August 22, 1860
Place of death Berlin