Sand carnation

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Sand carnation
Dianthus arenarius 2.JPG

Sand carnation ( Dianthus arenarius )

Systematics
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Carnation family (Caryophyllaceae)
Subfamily : Caryophylloideae
Tribe : Caryophylleae
Genre : Carnations ( Dianthus )
Type : Sand carnation
Scientific name
Dianthus arenarius
L.

The sand-carnation ( Dianthus arenarius ) is a plant from the genus of carnations ( Dianthus ) within the family of Caryophyllaceae (Caryophyllaceae).

description

The sand carnation is a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 20 to 30 centimeters. It forms loose cushions with tall, mostly branched, mostly single-flowered, more or less cylindrical stems . The leaf sheaths are 1 mm long. The constantly against arranged on the stem leaves are linear with a width of 1 millimeter.

The flowering period extends from June to August. The hermaphroditic flowers are radial symmetry and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The calyx scales are egg-shaped and have a short tip. The chalice is 20–45 millimeters long, three to four times as long as the chalice scales. The plate of the petals is about 20 millimeters long, slashed over the middle, white and dotted greenish at the base.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 60.

Occurrence

The distribution area of the sand carnation extends from northern Scandinavia on the one hand to southern Europe and on the other to the steppes of southwestern Siberia . Overall, it is very rare and reaches its western border in Mecklenburg and Brandenburg .

The sand carnation thrives best in humus and nutrient-rich sandy soils , which must be dry and warm in summer. It colonizes dry grassland and sparse pine forests , but also goes to the edges of the road, especially where sand had been exposed in newly created embankments. It is a character species of the association Koelerion glaucae, but also occurs in societies of the association Erico-Pinion.

Sand carnation ( Dianthus arenarius ) in Saaremaa
Sand carnations ( Dianthus arenarius subsp. Arenarius ) in Estonia

Systematics

One can distinguish the following subspecies:

  • Dianthus arenarius subsp. arenarius : It occurs in Sweden, Estonia and Latvia.
  • Prussian sand carnation ( Dianthus arenarius subsp. Borussicus Vierh. ): It occurs in Sweden, Finland, Russia, Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Croatia and Romania in front.
  • Dianthus arenarius subsp. pseudoserotinus (Zapal.) Tutin : It occurs in Ukraine.
  • Dianthus arenarius subsp. pseudosquarrosus (Novák) Kleopow : It occurs in Belarus and Ukraine.

literature

  • Otto Schmeil , Jost Fitschen (greeting), Siegmund Seybold: The flora of Germany and the neighboring countries. A book for identifying all wild and frequently cultivated vascular plants. 95th completely revised u. exp. Edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01498-2 .
  • Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). 2nd, corrected and enlarged edition. Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8001-4990-2 .
  • Eckehart J. Jäger (ed.): Excursion flora from Germany. Vascular plants: baseline . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 20th, revised and expanded edition. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-8274-1606-3 .
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe . 2nd Edition. tape 2 : Yew family to butterfly family . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 370.
  2. ^ A b c d e Dianthus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved September 2, 2017.
  3. ↑ Karol Marhold, 2011: Caryophyllaceae : Datasheet Dianthus In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.

Web links

Commons : Sand Carnation ( Dianthus arenarius )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files