Sand cress

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Sand cress
Sand-cress (Arabidopsis arenosa)

Sand-cress ( Arabidopsis arenosa )

Systematics
Eurosiden II
Order : Cruciferous (Brassicales)
Family : Cruciferous vegetables (Brassicaceae)
Tribe : Camelineae
Genre : Foam cress ( Arabidopsis )
Type : Sand cress
Scientific name
Arabidopsis arenosa
(L.) Lawalrée

The sand cress ( Arabidopsis arenosa (L.) Lawalrée , syn .: Cardaminopsis arenosa (L.) Hayek ), also called sand pod cress , is a species of the cruciferous family (Brassicaceae). The botanical genus name Arabidopsis is made up of the genus name Arabis and the Greek ″ –οψις ″ "looking like". The specific epithet arenosa is Latin and means "sandy", "sand-loving".

description

The sand cress is an (evergreen) biennial , herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 15 to 40 cm. It has a spindle-shaped, white root. The lanceolate, pinnate to pinnate basal leaves are usually arranged like a rosette. The stem leaves, on the other hand, are often entire, toothed or slightly pinnate. The stem is upright and mostly branched. In the lower part, like the leaves of the base rosette, it is usually rough with single to multi-branched hairs. The upper part of the stem as well as the stem leaves are usually bare.

Many flowers stand together in racemose inflorescences . Each flower stands on a stalk about 4 mm long. The 6 to 9 mm large petals are provided with a pair of teeth on the nail and colored white to pink. The sand cress blooms between April and August.

The sand cress has clearly flattened, 8 to 46 mm long pods . It has very short-lived seeds that can only germinate within a few months. They usually spread themselves or are carried away by the wind ( anemochory ).

The habit of the sand cress is very variable.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16 or 32.

photos

  • Habit of Arabidopsis arenosa subsp. arenosa , Almsee, Upper Austria

  • Rosette of the basal leaves of Arabidopsis arenosa subsp. arenosa , Almsee, Upper Austria

Systematics

Sand-cress ( Arabidopsis arenosa )

The sand cress is divided into two subspecies:

  • Arabidopsis arenosa subsp. arenosa is the diploid or tetraploid clan (2n = 16 or 32) of the German lowlands; in Austria it rises to 2000 m. The lower leaves are provided with only 1 to 6 sections or teeth on either side. The petals are usually white in color and are rarely pink. The pods are only 0.6 to 1.1 mm wide and contain 0.6 to 1.1 mm long seeds that have no skin edge. In Europe there are natural locations in: Austria, Belarus, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, northeastern France, Germany, Hungary, northern Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Ukraine , and Yugoslavia known. This subspecies is feral in Belgium , Denmark , Estonia , Finland , the Netherlands , Norway , Russia , western Siberia and Sweden . In Central Europe it thrives in societies of the order Corynephoretalia or the association Sisymbrion, but also occurs in gappy societies of the class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea. In the Allgäu Alps in Vorarlberg it rises on rocks east of the Stongen-Alpe near the Winterstaude up to an altitude of 1350 meters.
  • Arabidopsis arenosa subsp. borbasii (Zapał.) O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz (Syn .: Cardaminopsis arenosa subsp. borbasii (Zapał.) Pawł.) is the tetraploid clan (2n = 32), which is mostly widespread in the Central European mountains. It has sterile rosettes. The lower leaves are provided with 3 to 11 sections or teeth on either side. The petals are usually pink to purple in color. The pods are about 1 to 1.7 mm wide and contain 1 to 1.6 mm long seeds, which are provided with a narrow skin edge. There are sites in the Czech Republic , in northeastern France , Germany , Hungary , Poland . According to Oberdorfer, it thrives in Central Europe in societies of the Petasition paradoxi or Cystopteridion associations.

Distribution and location

The sand-cress is to be found relatively widespread throughout Germany as in other parts of Northern Europe . In places it has penetrated into the boreal zones as far as western Asia .

The sand cress grows on nutrient-poor, calcareous soils. It prefers light, dry locations. It is dry grass on sand , sandy to gravelly ruderal sites or rubble sites . While the subspecies Arabidopsis arenosa subsp. arenosa is mostly found in the lowlands, the subspecies Arabidopsis arenosa subsp. borbasii , which is increasingly to be found on rock debris and scree.

ecology

The pollination process is mostly done by short-nosed insects. So far, there has been insufficient research into whether self-pollination actually works.

Common names

The terms are for the sand-cress Cress , Heide mustard and Sandrauke common.

literature

  • Gustav Hegi : Illustrated Flora of Central Europe , Volume IV Part 1, Second Edition, Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich 1958.
  • SI Warwick, IA Al-Shehbaz: Brassicaceae: Chromosome number index and database on CD-Rom , In: Plant Systematics and Evolution , Volume 259, 2006, pp. 237-248. doi : 10.1007 / s00606-006-0421-1

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Cardaminopsis arenosa at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  2. ^ The Evolutionary History of the Arabidopsis arenosa Complex: Diverse Tetraploids Mask the Western Carpathian Center of Species and Genetic Diversity
  3. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  464-465 .
  4. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 593.
  5. ^ The Evolutionary History of the Arabidopsis arenosa Complex: Diverse Tetraploids Mask the Western Carpathian Center of Species and Genetic Diversity
  6. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 37, online.

Web links

Commons : Blackcress ( Arabidopsis arenosa )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files