Sapun
Sapün is a high valley , an alp and a former Walser settlement in the area of the former municipality of Langwies . It is a side valley of the Schanfigg in Graubünden / Switzerland below Arosa , to which it belongs politically since the beginning of 2013.
History of Alp Sapün and the surrounding area
The name Sapün (1273 Sampuni; 1307 Samponi; 1384 Sapünne; 1391 and 1488 Sapiun) is traced back to the ancient Romanesque form Sampugn, which means "pasque flower" (symphoniu).
Before the end of the 13th century there were no records of ownership over or in the Schanfigg valley (Canton of Graubünden). In 1338 it was owned by Count Rudolf von Werdenberg and his wife Ursula von Vaz as an episcopal fief . The fiefdom, which passed hereditary and for sale into the hands of the Counts of Montfort , the Matsch and finally the House of Austria , encompassed all rulership rights given at that time. This means that these counties were free to rule and judge this area.
Until the end of the 13th century, the Sapun valley was a non-permanently inhabited alpine area, which at that time belonged to Peist and the parish of St. Peter . The Alp Sapün was lent to Heinrich von Peist and his descendants at interest from the Chur cathedral provost (cathedral director in Chur) Friedrich von Montfort. When the lords of Peist and Palätsch (old Schanfigger barons) later gave up the Alplehen, together with Alp Medergen, it was established in 1307 by the Chur cathedral provost Rudolf von Montfortan Johann, son of Johann, called Balung from Valais and his descendants who were directly descended from the Valais Passed hereditary.
In 1311, the neighboring Fondei valley , in which Walsers had already settled from Davos , came into the hands of the Chur cathedral chapter (governing body at the Chur cathedral).
At the same time, the first Walser generation settled in Davos by Donat von Vaz in 1289 began to colonize the Fondeier Valley via the Strelapass Sapün, via the Schwifurgga Medergen and Arosa as well as via Duranna at the end of the 13th century .
Due to the old general fiefs, the people from the Alps Sapün, Medergen, Fondei and Arosa subsequently formed neighborhoods and communities with a legal function, also with regard to the Langwies court. The area on the square (village of Langwies) was already developed by the pre-Walsers and from the 2nd half of the 15th century all Langwieser soil was owned by Walsers.
In 1384 Hans Mattli donated the land for the construction of a church on the square (Langwies) and in the following year, on May 9, 1385, the common church of the Walser colonists of Sapün, Fondei and Arosa was consecrated there.
Philipp Gallizius reformed Langwies (and thus also the surrounding areas such as Alp Sapün) in 1530.
In 1441 Heinrich and Ulrich von Montfort confirmed the Langwiesern the same rights and freedoms as they were granted to the Davos family in 1289 and confirmed in 1438 (Free Ammann election, self-administration and free jurisdiction). The Langwies court was formed under an Ammann from the Alps Sapün, Medergen, Fondei, the Langen Wiese and Praden in the outer Schanfigg, (which was created as early as 1300 by Walther de Wallis, called Rötiner, and Johannes de Wallis with children and descendants from St. Luzi Monastery in Chur as an interest loan taken into possession). The common Ammann was always chosen by the compatriots from the three first-mentioned neighborhoods in free choice. The landlord (Heinrich and Ulrich von Montfort in 1441) only had to do military service within the Ten Courts Federation; the Sapunians also had to offer the mule-haulers a protective escort over the Strela pass. They bought themselves out of this escort as early as 1447. The Langwies court (with Belfört and the Lower Engadine) finally bought itself off in 1652 of the rights and lords' interest granted to the imperial house of Austria (1479) via the Vazer, the Counts of Toggenburg, Montfort and the Lords of Matsch.
The neighborhood Sapün (Dörfji, Schmitten, Chüpfen and Hauteralp) belonging to the Langwies court had its own village until the 19th century. Pasture and forest arrangements. In 1851, the Sapün neighborhood became part of the Langwies political community.
population
In the 17th century, 51 males over the age of 16 were counted in the high valley of Sapün, which corresponds to a total population of around 250 people. Today Sapün is only inhabited by four families all year round. Despite intensive agriculture (extensive self-sufficiency with food and cattle breeding) up to over 2000 meters above sea level, (among other things with generous irrigation systems), Sapuners had to earn their living abroad again and again. They did this from the 17th to the 19th century mainly in the Bündner Unterlanden ( Chiavenna , in Veltlin and the county of Bormio ).
Infrastructure
From the beginning of the 18th century there was a school in Sapün. In 1848 the school building was built by the neighborhood Sapün. Schools were held there regularly until 1873. Since then, the Sapun children had to go to school in Langwies Platz. In the basement of the school building, a cooperative dairy was run until 1898. In 1963 a village laundry was set up there.
In 1875 Sapün received a PTT mail repository and in 1886 the access road from Langwies Platz along the Sapünerbach. In 1920, the Davos electricity company built a power line from Davos over the Strela Pass to Lüen . On this occasion, Sapün was electrified. The electrical supply has been provided by the Arosa electricity company since 1969 . The Davos Klosters Bergbahnen AG operates in Sapün with the cable car Weissfluhgipfel and the ski lift Hauptertäli two winter sports facilities.
The only building that is inhabited all year round today is the Heimeli mountain inn on Jatz on the Schanfigger Höhenweg , a typical Walser house built in 1707, which is open for hospitality and overnight stays in summer and winter. Sapün Dörfji, together with Strassberg im Fondei and Medergen, is one of the Langwieser localities of national importance ( ISOS ).
Events
The Swiss Irontrail , which was held for the first time in July 2012 , has been leading from Urdenfürggli - Hörnlihütte via Carmenna - Weisshorn to Arosa and from there via Medergen- Sapün- Strelapass to Davos .
photos
Walser house in Dörfji
Sapün, head of Tälli
Dörfji, center
The old post house, Dörfji
Sapun Schmitten
Haupt Tälli ski lift
literature
- History board in Sapün
- Peter Richardson, Georg Mattli, Peter Mattli: Our place of residence is a wild mountain / Sapun writing voices. NZZ Libro, Zurich 2014, ISBN 978-3-03810-011-9 .
- Jürg Simonett: Sapün. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
- Irene Schuler: Walserweg Graubünden , In 19 stages from the Hinterrhein to the Rätikon, Rotpunktverlag Zurich 2010, ISBN 978-3-85869-421-8 , p. 244 ff.
- Hans Danuser / Walser Association Graubünden (ed.): Old ways in Schanfigg. Publishing house Walser Association Graubünden, Splügen 1997.
- Schanfigg-Arosa. In: Terra Grischuna, Volume 48, Issue 1, Terra Grischuna Verlag, Chur 1990, ISSN 1011-5196 .
- Hans Danuser, Ruedi Homberger: Arosa and the Schanfigg. Self-published by Danuser / Homberger, Arosa 1988, p. 150 ff.
- E. Rud: The Schanfigg. Buchdruckerei AG Arosa, Arosa undated (around 1920).
- Dr. C. Fischer: Land and people in the Schanfigg valley. Manatschal Ebner & Cie., Chur 1905.
Web links
Coordinates: 46 ° 48 '52.9 " N , 9 ° 45' 47.9" E ; CH1903: 777 392 / 187465