Sharp honey deaf
| Sharp honey deaf | ||||||||||||
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The hot honey deaf ( Russula veternosa ) |
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| Russula veternosa | ||||||||||||
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The hot honey deaf ( Russula veternosa , syn .: Russula schiffneri ) is a fungus from the family of the deaf relatives . He has yellow lamellas and a two-tone hat, with a yellowish center and a pinkish-reddish border. The rare Täubling smells fruity and often honey-like with age and grows in lime-rich beech forests.
features
Macroscopic features
The hat is 6 to 8 seldom up to 10 cm wide and soon spread out flat and then depressed. In the young mushroom, the hat is pink or flesh-colored, but fades more lightly in the middle, so that the hat is typically pink-reddish, sometimes almost wine-reddish, at the edge. In the middle it is then yellowish, pale ocher or almost olive-colored. The edge is smooth for a long time and only slightly grooved with age. The hat skin is usually smooth and shiny and can usually be peeled off to the middle.
The rather crowded, brittle lamellae are narrow or almost free on the stem and widen towards the edge. At first they are pale cream-colored and later turn yellow and are finally almost yolk-colored. The spore powder is light yellow. ( IVb after Romagnesi ).
The cylindrical stem is 3 to 5 cm long and 1 to 2 cm wide. In the young mushroom it is pure white and smooth, later gray-ocher and veiny-wrinkled. The stem is initially soft, but soon spongy and often hollow with age. The Forma duriuscula is an exception, it has much firmer meat.
The meat is white or very slightly gray in color and smells fruity or pelagon-like and is reminiscent of the ocher-leaved cinnabar or the gall-bladder . In old age the smell is decidedly honey-like. The deafblings are average sharp, but when chewing they can be sharp at the tip of the tongue. But the sharpness soon wears off. The subdulcis form has an almost mild taste. The meat reacts slowly and weakly with guaiac .
Microscopic features
The almost spherical spores are 9 seldom to 10 µm long and 7.5 to seldom 8 µm wide and are covered with thorny, isolated warts. The cystids are blunt or appendiculated and otherwise hardly noticeable. They only react weakly with sulfovanillin . The basidia are 32 to 45 µm long and 10 to 11.5 µm wide and each have four sterigms.
The Pileocystiden are 10 to 12 µm wide, cylindrical to club-shaped and often end with a short end cell. Sometimes the sections are almost isodiametric. The cap skin phies contain vacuole pigments but no membrane pigments. The hyphal end cells are variable, 2 to 3 (rarely up to 5) µm wide and usually have a short, blunt or teat-shaped end cell.
ecology
Like all deafblings, the hot honey-deafblings is a mycorrhizal fungus that forms a symbiotic relationship with various deciduous trees. He particularly prefers beech trees , but also enters into a partnership with oaks . The Täubling is therefore mainly found in red beech and hornbeam-oak forests on acidic to alkaline, but often calcareous soils. The fruiting bodies appear between August and early October.
distribution
The hot honey deaf is a species of the meridional and temperate climatic zones. The deaf can be found in North Asia (Caucasus), North Africa (Morocco), North America (USA) and Europe.
In Germany it occurs irregularly from the coastal lowlands over the central and southern German hill country to the lower mountain and foothills of the Alps. But it is rare or very rare everywhere. In most federal states it is listed in the red list in hazard category 1 or 2 or it is missing entirely.
Systematics
Inquiry systematics
The hot honey-deaf is placed in the Maculatinae ( Urentinae ) subsection, a subsection of the Insidiosinae (Subgenus Insidiosula ). The representatives of the Maculatinae usually have yellow, red or purple hats. They taste hot and have a yellow spore powder. The meat of the hat tends to brown or turns rusty brown.
Forms and varieties
- Similar to the type, but the hat is often over 10 (maximum 12) cm wide. In addition, the consistency is firmer and the edge is smoother. The colors are washed out or paler and the hat skin is dull and appears almost velvety. The shape has a firmer stem and firm and almost invariable flesh. The microscopic and ecological properties are more or less like the type.
- Russula veternosa f. schiffneri Sing.
- Formerly regarded as an independent species, it is now synonymous with the hot honey-deaf. Russula schiffneri is an Eastern European taxon from the Caucasus, with paler colors. The fruit bodies are brownish-skin-colored, fleshy and almost odorless. The spores are up to 11 µm long and 10 µm wide. You have stronger, thorny, up to 1.5 (maximum 2) µm high and sometimes hooked warts. The normal cystidia are spindle-shaped or loosely appendiculated. According to Romagnesi , the Pileozystidien is reminiscent of the Cupreinae .
meaning
As a hot-tasting deaf, the hot honey-deaf, like the other representatives from the Maculatinae subsection , is inedible or even slightly poisonous.
literature
- Russula veternosa. In: Russula database. CBS Fungal Biodiversity Center, accessed March 30, 2011 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , p. 76 .
- ↑ a b c German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 586.
- ↑ a b Monographic Key to European Russulas (1988) (PDF, 1.4 MB): English translation by M. Bons Russula key: . The Russulales website. 41. Archived from the original on July 28, 2010. Retrieved March 30, 2011.
- ↑ Basidiomycota Checklist-Online - Russula veternosa. In: basidiochecklist.info. Retrieved October 12, 2012 .
- ↑ Belgian List 2012 - Russula veternosa. Retrieved on June 7, 2012 (Täubling rarely: Endangered).
- ↑ Cvetomir M. Denchev & Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 279–282 ( online [PDF; 592 kB ; accessed on August 31, 2011]).
- ↑ Z. Tkalcec & A. Mesic: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia V: . Families Crepidotaceae, Russulaceae and Strophariaceae. In: Mycotaxon . tape 88 , 2003, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 297 ( cybertruffle.org.uk [accessed August 31, 2011]). cybertruffle.org.uk ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description Russula veternosa. In: elurikkus.ut.ee. Retrieved June 13, 2012 .
- ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula veternosa. (No longer available online.) In: data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved August 21, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Nahuby.sk - Atlas hub - Russula veternosa. In: nahuby.sk. Retrieved October 12, 2012 .
- ↑ Russula veternosa in the PilzOek database. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved August 21, 2011 .
Web links
- Spore drawing_1 and Spore drawing_2 by Russula veternosa after H. Romagnesi, (1967), website of the CBS Fungal Biodiversity Center. Retrieved December 20, 2010.
- Synonyms of Russula veternosa. Index Fungorum, accessed March 30, 2011 .
- Russula veternosa. In: Russulales News . Russulales News, accessed March 30, 2011 (photos, nomenclature and original Latin diagnosis).
- Russula veternosa. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved June 2, 2014 (Italian, photos from Scharfen Honig-Täubling).