Schillerporling poch beetle

Schillerporling poch beetle
Schillerporling poch beetle, ♂, on host fungus
Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta) Order : Beetle (Coleoptera) Subordination : Polyphaga Family : Rodent beetle (Ptinidae) Genre : Dorcatoma Type : Schillerporling poch beetle
Scientific name
Dorcatoma substriata
( Hummel , 1829)

Fig. 1: Feelers from Dermestes serra Panzer 1796, ♂ today Dorcatoma substratiata , (left, after Panzer) and from Dermestes serra Fabricius 1792, ♂ today Ctesias serra , (right, after Reitter) Compare Fig. 7

Fig. 2: Top view	Fig. 3: side view	Fig. 4: Front view
Fig. 5: Bottom	Fig. 6: balled together	Fig. 7: Sensor of the ♂

The Schillerporling poch beetle ( Dorcatoma substriata ) is a beetle from the rodent beetle family . The genus Dorcatoma is represented in Europe with three subgenus and sixteen species that are difficult to distinguish , three of which are not assigned to any subgenus. The species Dorcatoma substriata is placed in the subgenus Pilosodorcatoma . Worldwide over seventy species can be assigned to the genus, the tropical species are, however, partially assigned to other genera during revisions.

The beetle is not common anywhere. The situation is deteriorating because of the decreasing supply of dead wood and the associated shortage of its host fungi. In the Red Lists of Germany the species is classified in category 2 (endangered), in Baden-Württemberg the species is on the list of endangered species. In Schleswig-Holstein the beetle is listed among the species not included in the fauna of Schleswig-Holstein .

Notes on names and synonyms

In Reitter and in the standard work Freude-Harde-Lohse the species is still listed under the name Dorcatoma serra Panzer , and Dermestes serra Panzer 1796 is regarded as a heterotypical synonym for Dorcatoma substriata . It refers to the description of the beetle by tanks under the name Dermestes serra with an unusually precise image for the time including a detailed drawing of the male antennae. In his description in 1796, Panzer named the earlier description of Dermestes serra by Fabricius 1792 as a synonym and also adopted the Latin characterization of the beetle from Fabricius, but this was due to a mix-up. Illiger drew attention to this in 1798, and he moved the Dermestes serra from Panzer to the genus Anobium under the name Anobium Dorcatoma , while he left the Dermestes serra from Fabricius under the same name in the genus Dermestes . Dermestes serra Fabricius 1792 is now called " Ctesias serra (Fabricius 1792)". And Dorcatoma substriata is also extensively referred to in the literature as “ Dorcatoma serra Panzer, nec Fabricius” or “ Dorcatoma serra Panzer, non Fabricius”.

The species name serra ( lat. Saw) can be derived from Fabricius . Fabricius describes the species with ... antennis flavis: clava oblonga serrata ... (lat: ... with yellow antennae: the elongated antennae lobe sawn ...), and Panzer uses exactly the same formulation that also applies to his beetle (Fig. 1). Panzer calls the species with the common name Sähornigen Speckkäfer (horn obsolete for antennae, bacon beetle German for Dermestes ).

Herbst established the genus Dorkatoma in 1792, the only species in the genus he named Dorkatoma dresdensis . In 1801, Fabricius took over the generic name in the work Systema Eleutheratorum in the spelling Dorcatoma . On the recommendation of the ICZN , the naturalized spelling Dorcatoma is used for the generic name today . Herbst explains the generic name with the comment: The name ... refers to the antennae horns similar to deer antlers, ... (Dorcatoma from ancient Greek δορκάς "dorkás" for "gazelle" and τομή "tomē" for "cut" antennae horns outdated for antennae).

The subgenus Pilosodorcatoma was only established in 1999 by Borowski. The name means Hairy Dorcatoma (from Latin pilōsus, hairy). The early descriptions are too imprecise for today's knowledge. Illiger, too, who gives a very detailed description, does not yet separate the species Dorcatoma dresdensis Herbst and Dorcatoma serra Panzer, but considers both names to be synonymous with his Anobium Dorcatoma , although the two species are now divided into different subgenera. The genus Dorcatoma has since been broken down into further species and the species Dorcatoma serra has been further specified. It is now called Dorcatoma substriata after the description by Hummel in 1829. The species name substriata (Latin: weakly striped) refers to the puncturing of the wing covers .

The rarely used German name Schillerporling - Pochkäfer refers to the tree sponge in which this Pochkäfer usually develops.

Description of the beetle

The length of the beetle varies between 1.7 millimeters and 2.3 millimeters. The beetle is roughly oval in outline, with the sides running approximately parallel in the middle. The shiny, arched body is reddish brown to almost black, the legs are partly lighter, the antennae are lightened yellowish. The hair is yellowish, dense and oriented in different directions depending on the part of the body. The beetle can appear shimmering gray due to the hairiness. The insect can ball itself together well (Fig. 6).

The head is sometimes described as quite large, sometimes as relatively small. The arched eyes are slightly outlined in front. The species belongs to the species of the genus whose antennae are ten-membered (Fig. 7). The antennae reach about half the body length. The chunky, backward-curved base member has an only slightly longer six-membered flagellum, the first member of which is longer than it is wide and thickened like a club on the outside. The second limb of the flagellum is inversely conical and about the same length as it is wide, the following four limbs are thin like a disc, the first of which is extended inwardly like a tooth. The last three antennae are large, in the female each about as long as the entire whip, together about three and a half times as long as the whip. In the male, the last two limbs are each significantly longer than the entire flagellum, the three end limbs together about four and a half times as long as the flagellum. The end links are flattened. The first of the three end members is very strongly triangular inwardly like a saw tooth, in the male it is significantly wider than it is long, the front is concave, the back is slightly convex, the corner is more pointed than in Dorcatoma minor . The penultimate link is slightly longer, but less triangularly extended inward and pointed there, the front more concave, the back less convex. The end link is long and narrow elliptical to square. In the female, the teeth of the antennae are much weaker.
The upper lip is short and wider than it is long. The upper jaws are plump, triangular and two-pointed. The four-part jaw probes are significantly longer than the lower jaw, the first parts cylindrical to slightly inverted cone-shaped. The shape of the much larger terminal member provides a further distinguishing feature of the species. In Dorcatoma substriata it is almost half as wide as it is long, when viewed from above it is knife-shaped, the tip is slightly drawn outwards, the outside is very slightly inverted S-shaped, the inside is convexly widened, in the middle part almost parallel (in Fig. 4 at clearly visible at full resolution). The lip buttons are tripartite. The first two links are of the same size and cylindrical, the much larger triangular end link is truncated at an angle.

The pronotum is clearly transverse, but only twice as wide as long, not 2.4 times as wide as long. It is widest at the base and there a little narrower than the elytra at the base together. The front angles are drawn down on the sides to the underside and form an acute angle, the rear angles are slightly drawn forward, flattened and rounded. The hair is directed forward.

The wing covers are parallel in the front area, rounded together in the rear third. They are about four thirds times as long as they are together wide. The shoulder bulge is weak. The basic puncture of the elytra is more or less extensive, not double and fine everywhere, a little more dense in the upper middle. Larger points form two incomplete marginal strips parallel to the outer edge of the wing-coverts, which are incised and recessed, the interval between the marginal strips is slightly curved (so that the outer edge has the appearance of a shingle roof ). A humeral stripe on the shoulder is only indicated by a few points (name substriata ). As in all species of the subgenus Pilosodorcatoma, the hairiness of the elytra is composed of lengthwise and crosswise hairs, both of which are not arranged in rows. In Dorcatoma substriata , the adjacent hairs, directed backwards parallel to the seam, predominate , which can give the impression of striations. The outwardly directed hair is protruding (Fig. 2).

The label is semicircular.

The curved underside is finely and densely dotted. The hair is not very dense. The large metasternum , which is elongated forward between the mid-hips, has a longitudinal furrow that is narrow and shallow in front. It's evenly and simply dotted everywhere. The seams between the second, third and fourth abdominal segments are curved and are less pronounced in the middle (Figs. 5 and 6). The legs can be placed in recesses on the underside of the body. The narrow tarsi are all clearly five-membered.

biology

The species develops in the fruiting bodies of tree sponges, mainly in species of the genus Schillerporlinge ( Inonopus hispidus , Inonopus obliquus , Mensularia radiata , Pseudoinonotus dryadeus ). In Estonia the species was also drawn from the tinder fungus Fomes fomentarius . The host fungi used in Central Europe grow in moist and moderately moist to dry, heat-favored locations on severely weakened trees and standing and lying dead wood of medium thickness, from the base of the trunk to the crown area, preferably on oak , beech , alder , hazel , in orchards on plum trees.

The larvae gnaw winding passages in the fruiting body and in the wood directly below. Development takes two years (in Sweden), pupation takes place in a round cocoon at the end of May. The fully formed beetles are found from mid-May. The same fruiting bodies can be attacked for several years in a row.

In the event of a malfunction, the beetles attract antennae and legs and remain immobile. For Dorcatoma dresdensis it is reported that after suddenly stopping , the beetles quickly and often knock their heads on the ground, producing an audible sound.

distribution

The species is widespread in Europe, from the north of the Iberian Peninsula to Scandinavia and from the British Isles to the western parts of Russia. However, there is no evidence from Norway and the countries bordering northeastern Poland to Estonia , as well as from Southeastern Europe. In the north the species is more likely to be found in warmer areas, in the south in cooler areas. The beetle does not occur in the Alps in Central Europe.

literature

• Heinz joy , Karl Wilhelm Harde , Gustav Adolf Lohse (ed.): The beetles of Central Europe . tape 8 . Teredilia Heteromera Lamellicornia . Elsevier, Spektrum, Akademischer Verlag, Munich 1969, ISBN 3-8274-0682-X . P. 56 as Dorcasoma serra
• Klaus Koch : The Beetles of Central Europe Ecology . 1st edition. tape 2 . Goecke & Evers, Krefeld 1989, ISBN 3-87263-040-7 . P. 278 as Dorcasoma serra
• Edmund Reitter : Fauna Germanica, the beetles of the German Empire III. Volume, KGLutz 'Verlag, Stuttgart 1911 p. 318 as Dorcasoma serra

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d} Georg Wolfgang Franz Panzer: Fauna insectorum Germanicae initia, or, Germany's insects from 1796, Volume 5, Issue 26, No. 10 as the Sägenhornige Speckkäfer page 183: 10, only text or with picture
2. ↑ Edmund Reitter : Fauna Germanica, the beetles of the German Empire III. Volume, KGLutz 'Verlag, Stuttgart 1911, plate 103, Figure 3b as Ctenias serra
3. ↑ ^{a b} Dorcatoma substriata in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved March 7, 2015
4. ↑ Dorcatoma (subgenus) in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved March 7, 2015 , Pilosodorcatoma (subgenus) from Fauna Europaea. Retrieved March 7, 2015 , Sternitodorcatoma (subgenus) from Fauna Europaea. Retrieved March 7, 2015 , Dorcatoma at Fauna Europaea. Retrieved March 7, 2015
5. ↑ ^{a b} J. Borowski: "A contribution to the Central European species of the genus Dorcatoma …." in Annals of Warsaw Agricultural University - SGGW Forestry and Wood Technology 49: 127-136, 1999
6. ↑ Boris Büche, Stig Lundberg: A new species of deathwatch beetle (Coleoptera, Anobiidae) discovered in Europe Entomologica Fennica July 3, 2002 [1]
7. ↑ Red List of Endangered Animals in Germany (Binot et alt. 1998) ( Memento of the original from March 1, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
8. ↑ under no. 68-.022-.004- ( memento of the original from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
9. ↑ Die Käfer Schleswig-Holstein's Red List Volume 3 p. 91  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
10. ↑ Edmund Reitter : Fauna Germanica, the beetles of the German Empire III. Volume, KGLutz 'Verlag, Stuttgart 1911, p. 319
11. ↑ Heinz Freude , Karl Wilhelm Harde , Gustav Adolf Lohse (ed.): Die Käfer Mitteleuropas . tape 8 . Teredilia Heteromera Lamellicornia . Elsevier, Spektrum, Akademischer Verlag, Munich 1969, ISBN 3-8274-0682-X . P. 57
12. ^ Wilhelm H. Lucht, Bernhard Klausnitzer: Die Käfer Mitteleuropas . Ed .: Heinz Freude (=  Käfer Mitteleuropas . Volume 15 ; 4th supplement band). Gustav Fischer / Goecke & Evers, Jena / Krefeld 1998, ISBN 3-437-35366-7 . P. 274
13. ↑ Dermestes serra at GBIF ( Memento of the original from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
14. ↑ ^{a b c d e} J.G.Kugelann, J.Ch.Hellwig, JkW Illiger: Directory of Beetles Preussens Halle 1798. Description p. 334ff as a synonym of the 10th species Anobium Dorcatoma preview in the Google book search and p. 320f under Dermestes serra the incompatibility of Dermestes serra Fabricius and Dermestes serra Panzer Preview in the google book search
15. ↑ Ctesias serra in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved March 18, 2015
16. ^ Joh. Chr. Fabricius: Entomologia systematica Volume 1, Hafnia (Copenhagen) 1792 p. 234, 40. Kind of Dermestes preview in the Google book search
17. ↑ ^{a b} Jablonsky, Herbst: Natural system of all domestic and foreign insects, the beetle fourth part Berlin 1792 on page 103
18. ^ Joh. Chr. Fabricius: Systema Eleutheratorum Volume 1. Kiel 1801 Takeover of the genus Dor (k) catoma from Herbst p. 330 Preview in the Google book search
19. ^ The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature Vol. 52, 1995, p. 211 Opinion 1810 at BHL
20. ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (genus) in detail in the 2nd edition 1922 .
21. ^ AD Hummel: Insectes de 1827 et 1828 in Essais Entomologiques 7, 2nd vol. No. 1 pp. 18–34 St. Petersburg 1829
22. ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (species)
23. ^ ^{A b} Amador Viñolas: "Els Dorcatominae de la península Ibèrica i illes Belears. 2A nota. El gènere Dorcatoma autumn 1792 (Coleoptera: Ptinidae) "Orsis 27, 2013 7-28 [2]
24. ↑ Determination table Dorcatoma at coleo-net, as of March 19, 2015
25. ↑ ^{a b} W.F. Erichson et al .: Natural history of Germany's insects, Coleoptera 5th volume Berlin 1877 pp. 159ff
26. ↑ lmar Süda, Vitali Nagirnyi: The Dorcatoma Herbst 1792, (Coleoptera, Anobiidae) species of Estonia Entomologica Fennica July 3, 2002 [3]
27. ↑ Georg Möller: Structure and substrate binding of wood-dwelling insects, focus on Coleoptera - Beetle Dissertation, Free University of Berlin, Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, March 2009 in particular pp. 125, 173, 227 [4]
28. ↑ Swedish Species Journal
29. ↑ Distribution area ( Memento of the original from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 

Web links

• Profile of the entomology Stuttgart

Commons : Schillerporling-Pochkäfer  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files