Slate Schillerporling
| Slate Schillerporling | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fruit body of the leaning Schillerporling |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Inonotus obliquus | ||||||||||||
| ( Ach. Ex Persoon : Fr. ) Pilát |
The Leaning Schillerporling ( Inonotus obliquus ) is a fungal art from the family of the bristle disc relatives (Hymenochaetaceae). It is known as Chaga (or Tschaga ) as a folk medicine against cancer.
features
Macroscopic features
The leaning Schillerporling forms flat out ( resupinate ), 5–10 mm thick fruiting bodies , which can be up to half a meter or even up to a meter long. When fresh, they are leathery and change their color when dry ( hygrophan ), when dry they are brittle. The tubes, which are up to 7 mm long, are single-ply and, like many porlings, grow towards the center of the earth (positive gravitropic ). The pores or tube mouths are initially pale, honey-brown and silvery shimmering, but soon become very dark to almost completely black. They are 5–8 mm wide, round and frayed.
The black tubers, up to 40 cm wide, which grow on birch trunks for several years without forming conidia or sexual spores, are striking and much more common . They have a hard, cracked surface and are colored cinnamon brown with white spots on the inside.
Microscopic features
The fungal threads ( hyphae ) form a pseudodimitic hyphae system . The generative hyphae are simply septate, transparent ( hyaline ), regularly branched and measure 2.5–4 μm in diameter. The pseudoskeletal hyphae are somewhat thicker, 3–8 μm in diameter. They are moderately thick-walled, branched with kinks and golden-yellow to red-brown in color. The hyphae ends ( setae ) measure 15–30 × 4.5–7 μm. They are formed in the fruit layer ( hymenium ), are inflated sub-like to bulbous (ventricos) and protrude slightly from the fruit layer or are enclosed by it. The short, club-shaped spore stands ( basidia ) have no basal buckle and are 15–20 × 7–10 μm in size. The elliptical, smooth basidiospores measure 7.5–10 × 5–7.5 µm in size and are golden yellow in color. They can be stained with cotton blue ( cyanophil ) and show no red color reaction ( index trinoid ) when Melzer's reagent is added .
Species delimitation
The resupinate fruiting bodies can be confused with other dark-pored species of the family of the bristle disk relatives (Hymenochaetaceae). The multifaceted Schillerporling ( Inonotus hastifer ) grows on the bark of the substrate, while the crooked Schillerporling first appears under the bark and later breaks it up. In contrast to the genus Inonotus, the resupinate species of the genus Fuscoporia have no shimmering reflections when their pores are inclined.
The black bulbs on birch trees can be confused with adhesions on the tree.
Ecology and phenology
The leaning Schillerporling is a parasitic wood dweller and causes massive white rot in deciduous trees, especially on various birches . The species occurs mainly in mountain forests in the southern distribution area to subarctic regions. The birch host species are mainly sand birch , Betula platyphlla , Betula davurica , Betula ermani and Korean birch . In addition to birches, the fungus also colonizes alders , beeches and oaks . However, the chaga tubers are only formed on birch and alder.
The gloomy beetle Orchesia cultriformis feeds on hyphae of the crooked Schillerporling.
distribution
The crooked Schillerporling has a circumboreal distribution and occurs in Russia , Scandinavia, Central and Eastern Europe, Northern Europe, Japan, Korea and Central Asia (Kazakhstan). It is rarer in western and southern Europe.
meaning
Medicinal mushroom
The black tubers of the leaning Schillerporling have been used in Russian folk medicine against cancer since the 15th century . They are known under the name of Chaga (Tschaga). There are several reports of its use against cancer in the form of tea from various areas, such as the Olonets Raion in the Republic of Karelia , Siberia, the Baltic States and Finland. Laboratory and animal tests have confirmed the cancer-inhibiting effect, but clinical studies are still pending. Extracts from the tubers also stimulate the immune system, have anti-inflammatory effects and protect the liver and pancreas. The tubers were always drunk as hot water extract.
ingredients
The crooked Schillerporling has over 200 active biological substances. Various polyphenols and particularly oxygen-containing triterpenes have been identified as ingredients . Various polysaccharides (Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide (IOP)) have been identified as anti-inflammatory substances .
Systematics
The crooked Schillerporling was first described in 1801 by Christian Hendrik Persoon as Boletus obliquus . Erik Acharius had used the name before, but Persoon was the first to describe it. In 1821 Elias Magnus Fries placed him as a sanctioning author in the genus Polyporus . Albert Pilát finally determined the name that is valid today in 1942.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Svengunnar Ryman, Ingmar Holmåsen: Mushrooms. Over 1,500 species of mushrooms are described in detail and photographed in their natural surroundings . Bernhard Thalacker, Braunschweig 1992, ISBN 3-87815-043-1 , p. 191 .
- ↑ a b c d Mikhail E. Balandaykin, Ivan V. Zmitrovich: Review on Chaga Medicinal Mushroom, Inonotus obliquus (Higher Basidiomycetes): Realm of Medicinal Applications and Approaches on Estimating its Resource Potential. In: International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms . tape 17 , no. 2 , 2015, p. 95-104 , doi : 10.1615 / IntJMedMushrooms.v17.i2.10 ( online ).
- ↑ German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.): Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 1: General Part. Stand mushrooms: jelly, bark, prick and pore mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3528-0 , p. 431.
- ↑ a b Min-Woong Lee, Hyeon Hur, Kwang-Choon Chang, Tae-Soo Lee, Kang-Hyeon Ka, L. Jankovsky: Introduction to Distribution and Ecology of Sterile Conks of Inonotus obliquus . In: Mycobiology . tape 36 , no. 4 , 2008, p. 199–202 , doi : 10.4489 / MYCO.2008.36.4.199 , PMC 3755195 (free full text).
- ↑ Britt A. Bunyard: First Record of Insect Mycophagy of the Commercially-Important “Chaga” Fungus Inonotus obliquus (Ach. Ex Pers.) Pilát (Hymenochaetales: Hymenochaetaceae) in North America. In: Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington . tape 117 , no. 4 , 2015, p. 452-457 , doi : 10.4289 / 0013-8797.117.4.452 .
- ^ A b David Norman Pegler: Useful Fungi of the World: Amadou and Chaga . In: Mycologist . tape 15 , no. 4 , 2001, p. 153-154 , doi : 10.1016 / S0269-915X (01) 80004-5 .
- ↑ Chaga Mushroom. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , accessed September 18, 2016 .
- ↑ a b c Yang Hu, Yi Sheng, Min Yu, Koukou Li, Guangming Ren, Xiuhong Xu, Juanjuan Qu: Antioxidant activity of Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide and its amelioration for chronic pancreatitis in mice . In: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules . tape 87 , 2016, p. 348-356 , doi : 10.1016 / j.ijbiomac.2016.03.006 ( online ).
- ↑ Fenqin Zhao, Guiyang Xia, Lixia Chen, Junli Zhao, Zhanfang Xie, Feng Qiu, Guang Han: Chemical constituents from Inonotus obliquus and their antitumor activities. In: Journal of Natural Medicines . tape 70 , no. 4 , 2016, p. 721-730 , doi : 10.1007 / s11418-016-1002-4 .
- ↑ Yana Song, Jing Hui, Wei Kou, Ru Xin, Fei Jia, Ning Wang, Fengqing Hu, Huili Zhang, Hongsheng Liu: Identification of Inonotus obliquus and Analysis of Antioxidation and Antitumor Activities of Polysaccharides. In: Current Microbiology . tape 57 , 2008, p. 454 , doi : 10.1007 / s00284-008-9233-6 .
- ↑ Mycobank: Inonotus obliquus . Retrieved September 18, 2016 .
Web links
- Alf Pallin: Springticka Inonotus obliquus. Liknar ingen annan svamp. Umeå University. Institute for Ecology, Environment and Geosciences, accessed on October 5, 2016 .
- Enrico "Enno" and other authors: Inonotus obliquus the teleomorph !? In: pilzforum.eu. February 21, 2015, accessed on October 5, 2016 (forum discussion with photos of the rare main fruit form).
- Inonotus obliquus Immunostimulating effect through polysaccharides Mol. Cells 31, 165-173-2011-02-18