Tinz Castle

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Tinz Castle (2019)
Tinz Castle before the start of the renovation work (December 2012)
Richard Zscheked (1885–1954): Wasserschloss Tinz, 1906
Floor plan of Tinz Castle from 1808
Reussian and Bavarian coats of arms and inscription about the builder Heinrich XXV. on the south facade of Tinz Castle
Miniature portrait of the client Heinrich XXV. Count Reuss zu Gera, 1726.

The Castle Tinz is in the years 1745 to 1748 in the style of the Baroque chateau built in the Gera district Tinz .

history

The foundation stone for Tinz Castle was laid in 1745 on the site of a medieval moated castle or a mansion belonging to the Tinz Chamber Estate . Gerhard Hoffmann (often referred to as Gerardo Hoffmann in the literature) was commissioned with the planning and construction management of the summer residence of the Reuss younger line .

The builder Count Heinrich XXV. Reuss-Gera (1681–1748) died before the completion of the new palace in 1748. His son, Count Heinrich XXX. and at the same time the last ruler of the Reuss zu Gera family, had a spacious park with extensive water, garden areas and a hermitage laid out west of the baroque residence from 1750. In the following years it served the Russian ruling family as a summer residence and widow's seat, most recently the Countess Palatine Luise Christiane von Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen (1748–1829), the widow of Heinrich XXX. After her death in 1829, Tinz Castle was rarely visited and inhabited by members of the Russian aristocratic family and instead used repeatedly for military purposes. During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870/1871 it was used to house up to 204 French prisoners of war. At the beginning of the First World War , the castle was used as a hospital and convalescent home for German soldiers from December 1914 . After the abdication of the Princely House of Reuss through the resignation of Heinrich XXVII. On November 10, 1918, the two remaining principalities, Reuss older line and Reuss younger line, were merged into Free States and on April 4, 1919 , they were united to form the People's State of Reuss with the capital Gera . In a comparison with the last ruling prince, Tinz Castle, along with the chamber property, park area and pheasantry, was ceded to the People's State of Reuss .

On March 8, 1920, a socialist folk high school was built in the palace on the initiative of the USPD , MSPD , KPD and with the participation of the Free Trade Unions . In five-month courses, politically committed young socialists should be offered systematic education with a socialist understanding of the world and culture. Lessons included economics, social studies, history of the working class, labor law, trade unionism, art and literature. Many well-known representatives of workers' education taught on site, including Alfred Braunthal , Ernst Fraenkel , Georg Engelbert Graf , Karl Korsch , Anna Siemsen and Otto Suhr . After the National Socialists came to power, the Folk High School was closed in March 1933. By then, around 1,350 women and men had taken part in the courses offered.

After 1933 it served the National Socialists as Reichsarbeitsdienstlager 4-231, and during the Second World War as a military hospital.

On January 15, 1947, the castle was transferred to the SED district executive, which from then on used it for courses at the workers' college and later as a district party school.

The moats and bridge structures that geometrically surround the castle were filled with slag in 1975 .

Between January 15, 1996 and April 2010, the castle was the temporary solution of the Gera district court until it moved into the new justice center in the city center. In July 2013, the renovation of the castle and its outdoor facilities began. New seminar rooms, offices and a library are to move in by summer 2017 and the building as part of the Tinz campus will be used by the Gera-Eisenach Cooperative State University .

Site plan of Tinz Castle and the Tinz Chamber Estate at the end of the 18th century

architecture

Tinz Castle was built on a rectangular floor plan as a three-storey, single-wing complex with a mansard hipped roof. In addition to sandstone from the Falka quarry , stones from the ruined castle ruins on Langenberg's local mountain could have been used as building material . The nine-axis south facade with a three-axis central projection and the ten-axis north facade with a four-axis central projection give the castle a classical face. The central projections, which protrude slightly from the building line, are given special emphasis by the pair of pilasters on the outside. Above the two-winged entrance door, balconies and French window openings on the first floor dominated the south facade opening to the castle courtyard. In the roof of the central balcony door, the inscription "HENRICVS XXV. SENIOR ME SIBI ATQVE POSTERIS AEDIFICAVIT" can be read to this day, referring to the owner, Heinrich XXV. refers. The Russian and Bavarian coats of arms, flanked by ornamentation and C-shape, found space between the balcony door and the roof. The Bavarian coat of arms is to be interpreted as a reference to the second wife of Heinrich XXV., Sophie Marie, née Countess Palatine von Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen. The oval window in the triangular gable of the south facade, known as the ox's eye , is also framed by foliage .

Behind the entrance door is the vestibule in the basement , which is connected to the stairwell on the north side. The storage rooms and the castle kitchen used to be housed in the groin-vaulted rooms to the side of the stairwell. The first floor, originally intended for representation purposes, follows the ground floor. This level, also known as the bel étage , is characterized by a generous room height. The dominant room of the castle is the two-storey ballroom opposite the staircase above the vestibule, which - viewed from the outside - lies behind the three windows in the area of ​​the central projection on the first and second floors of the south facade. The ballroom has a gallery running around three sides, which is only accessible from the second floor. It can be assumed that a large ceiling painting crowned the ballroom. However, this has not been preserved. All the rooms surrounding the ballroom were framed by stucco ceilings with shells, scrollwork and goblet hangings, with the north-western corner room being the most splendid. The living quarters of the count's family were on the second floor and rooms for guests and servants in the attic.

literature

  • Anja Löffler: Tinz in Gera - A forgotten castle in East Thuringia . In: Castles and Palaces in Thuringia, annual journal of the Thuringia regional group of the German Castle Association, Jena 1998.
  • Klaus Brodale, Heidrun Friedemann: That was the 20th century in Gera. Wartberg, Gudensberg-Gleichen 2002, ISBN 3-831-31273-7 .
  • Erhard Lemm, Angelika and Frank Schenke: Gera: City in Thuringia. Lemm, Gera 2008, ISBN 978-3-931635-45-9 .

Web links

Commons : Schloss Tinz  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Anja Löffler: Cultural monuments in Thuringia - Volume 3: City of Gera . Ed .: Thuringian State Office for Monument Preservation. 2007, p. 503 f .
  2. ↑ Anja Löffler: Tinz in Gera - A forgotten castle in East Thuringia . Castles and palaces in Thuringia, annual journal of the Thuringia regional group of the German Burgenvereinigung eV Jena 1998, p. 86 .
  3. ^ F. Roth: The Heimvolkshochschule Tinz . 1930.
  4. ^ Collection of laws for the People's State of Reuss, Reuss Younger Line . 1st year, no. 54 , December 22, 1919.
  5. ^ A b Josef Olbrich: History of adult education in Germany. VS, 2001, ISBN 3-8100-3349-9 , p. 183.
  6. ^ Heinrich Eppe, Ulrich Herrmann: Socialist youth in the 20th century. Juventa, 2008, ISBN 978-3-7799-1136-4 , p. 99.
  7. ^ Heinrich Eppe, Ulrich Herrmann: Socialist youth in the 20th century. Juventa, 2008, ISBN 978-3-7799-1136-4 , p. 92.
  8. ↑ OTZ.de: Summer Palace in Gera is to be renovated as a vocational academy for 6.4 million euros , accessed on July 17, 2013
  9. ↑ OTZ.de: Blue flowers instead of old moats at the Tinz moated castle near Gera , accessed on July 17, 2013
  10. ↑ G. Brückner: Landes- und Volkskunde des Fürstentums Reuß JL Gera 1870, p. 425 .

Coordinates: 50 ° 54 ′ 14.6 "  N , 12 ° 4 ′ 10.1"  E