Snow gentian

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Snow gentian
Snow gentian (gentiana nivalis)

Snow gentian ( gentiana nivalis )

Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids I
Order : Enzianartige (Gentianales)
Family : Gentian Family (Gentianaceae)
Genre : Gentians ( Gentiana )
Type : Snow gentian
Scientific name
Gentiana nivalis
L.

The alpine gentian ( Gentiana nivalis called), also sky stalk and Kelberberschis, is a plant from the kind of gentians ( Gentiana ) in the family of the Gentian family (Gentianaceae).

description

illustration
Five petals from the side; The angular cup is easy to see
Five-fold bloom from above in detail

Vegetative characteristics

The snow gentian is a dainty, annual herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 5 to 15 centimeters. It often has a branched stem from the bottom . The basal sheets are arranged in rosettes and ovate blunt. The stem leaves are lanceolate.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from June to August. There are many short-stalked flowers on the ends of the branches and stems.

The hermaphrodite flowers are radially symmetrical with a double flower envelope . The five green sepals are fused. The non-inflated calyx lies against the corolla tube and is angular; the edges winged no more than 0.5 millimeters wide. The five calyx teeth are narrow-lanceolate and keeled. The light to dark blue crown is 8 to 15 millimeters in diameter and is shaped like a saucer. The corolla tube is up to 15 millimeters long. The five star-shaped, lanceolate corolla lobes are often twisted like a propeller.

The airworthy seeds are extremely light with 0.000015 g = 15 µg.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 14.

ecology

The snow gentian is a deciduous therophyte .

The flowers are very sensitive to temperature fluctuations and solar radiation. They can open and close several times within an hour, depending on the cloudiness.

Occurrence

The distribution area of Gentiana nivalis extends from the Pyrenees through the whole Alps , the Swiss Jura and from the Carpathian Mountains to the Balkan Peninsula and Asia Minor , Northern Europe and North America . The snow gentian is common in the mountains of southern and central Europe. In Austria , the snow gentian is moderately common in all federal states, but is absent in Burgenland and Vienna .

The snow gentian thrives best on stony soils, open lawns, ridges over lime and silicate . It occurs at altitudes from 1300 to 3000 meters. In the Allgäu Alps, it occurs at altitudes from 1700 to 2300 meters. It grows in Central Europe in poor stone lawns of the alpine altitude on fresh, predominantly calcareous, moderately acid-mild, musty-humus, medium to shallow, stony loam or clay soils . Above all, it thrives in the Elynetum; it is a national character species of the Carici rupestris-Kobresietea bellardii classes, but also occurs in plant communities of the Seslerietea class and, more rarely, of the Nardion group.

Taxonomy

Gentiana nivalis was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , 1, page 229. Synonyms for Gentiana nivalis L. are: Calathiana nivalis (L.) Delarbre , Gentiana nivalis var. Brevifolia Rouy , Chiophila nivalis (L.) Raf . , Ericala carpathica G.Don , Lexipyretum nivale (L.) Dulac , Hippion nivale (L.) FWSchmidt , Ericoïla nivalis (L.) Borkh. , Ericala nivalis (L.) Gray .

literature

  • Xaver Finkenzeller, Jürke Grau: Alpine flowers. Recognize and determine (=  Steinbach's natural guide ). Mosaik, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-576-11482-3 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Gentiana nivalis L., Snow Gentian. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  757 .
  3. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 343.
  4. ↑ Karol Marhold: Gentianaceae. : Gentiana nivalis. In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2011.
  5. ^ Gentiana nivalis at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Retrieved August 18, 2017.

Web links

Commons : Snow Gentian ( Gentiana nivalis )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Supplementary literature

  • Thomas Gaskell Tutin : Gentiana. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 3: Diapensiaceae to Myoporaceae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1972, ISBN 0-521-08489-X , pp. 63 (English, limited preview in Google Book search).