Mustache tamarin
| Mustache tamarin | ||||||||||||
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Mustache tamarin ( Saguinus mystax ) |
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| Saguinus mystax | ||||||||||||
| ( Spix , 1823) |
The mustache tamarin ( Saguinus mystax ) is a species of primate from the marmoset family (Callitrichidae).
features
The fur of the mustache tamarins is predominantly dark brown to black in color. However, the white mouth area with the eponymous mustache is outstanding. The animals reach a head body length of 23 to 28 centimeters and a tail length of 37 to 44 centimeters. Their weight is 450 to 600 grams. As with all marmosets, the fingers and toes (with the exception of the big toe) have claws instead of nails.
distribution and habitat
Mustache tamarins are native to the western Amazon basin in South America. Their distribution area is south of the Amazon and west of the Rio Purus in eastern Peru and western Brazil (states Amazonas and Acre ). The habitat of this species are rainforests, where they mainly live in secondary forests with dense undergrowth or at the forest edges.
Way of life
These primates are diurnal tree dwellers. They move on all fours and cover greater distances by jumping, thanks to their claws they can also climb tree trunks well. They usually stay around 10 meters above the ground. They often socialize with brown-backed tamarins .
They live in groups of 2 to 10 animals, the groups are made up of several females, several males and the offspring belonging to them. Social behavior is very pronounced within the group, aggressive behavior is rare. Mutual grooming can often be observed. They inhabit fixed territories of 35 to 40 hectares.
food
Mustache tamarins are omnivores that eat fruits and other plant parts as well as spiders , insects , small vertebrates and bird eggs. The animals spread the seeds of the ingested fruits on. According to studies in northeastern Peru, transport routes of up to 650 meters can be detected, with over 90% of the seeds being excreted at a distance of up to 350 meters from the parent tree. As a result, seeds also reach deforested secondary areas, whereby the mustache tamarins contribute indirectly to the reforestation of devastated areas. The seeds that are frequently transported include those of the genera Parkia , Inga , Dicranostyles and Paullinia . Around 18.6% of the excreted seeds germinate and survive the first year.
Reproduction
As with all tamarins, only the dominant female of the group reproduces and mates with all males in the group, a phenomenon rare among mammals known as polyandry . After a gestation period of 140 to 145 days, the female usually gives birth to dizygoti twins. These are relative and large and weigh around 25% of the mother. The other group members, including the males, look after the young intensively, they carry them and occupy themselves with them and only give them to the mother to suckle.
The young animals start feeding after one month and are finally weaned at two to three months. They reach sexual maturity at 16 to 20 months.
Systematics
The mustache tamarin, together with the red-bellied tamarin and the imperial mustache tamarin, form the mystax group within the genus of tamarins .
A distinction is made between three subspecies, the nominate form Saguinus mystax mystax west of the Rio Juruá , S. m. pluto in the east of the range and the red cap tamarin ( Saguinus mystax pileatus ), which occurs between the other two subspecies. The latter differs from the other two subspecies, which are very similar, with a rust-brown head cap and a slightly lighter coat color. For this reason, it has meanwhile been viewed as an independent species, but was again assigned to the mustache tamarin as a subspecies in the 2013 Primate Volume of the Handbook of the Mammals of the World .
literature
- Thomas Geissmann : Comparative Primatology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin a. a. 2003, ISBN 3-540-43645-6 .
- W. Puschmann : Zoo animal husbandry. Volume 2: Mammals. Animals in human care. 4th completely revised and expanded edition. German, Thun u. a. 2004, ISBN 3-8171-1620-9 .
- Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds.): Mammal Species of the World. A taxonomic and geographic Reference. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Eckhard W. Heymann, Laurence Culot, Christoph Knogge, Andrew C. Smith, Emérita R. Tirado Herrera, Brita Müller, Mojca Stojan-Dolar, Yvan Ledo-Ferrer, Petra Kubisch, Denis Kupsch, Darja Slana, Mareike Lena Koopmann, Birgit Ziegenhagen, Ronald Bialozyt, Christina Mengel, Julien Hambuckers and Katrin Heer: Small neotropical primates promote the natural regeneration of anthropogenically disturbed areas. Scientific Reports 9, 2019, p. 10356, doi: 10.1038 / s41598-019-46683-x
- ^ AB Rylands and RA Mittermeier: Family Callitrichidae (Marmosets and Tamarins). Page 333 in Russell A. Mittermeier , Anthony B. Rylands, and Don E. Wilson : Handbook of the Mammals of the World: Primates: 3. (2013) ISBN 978-84-96553-89-7
