Schottenberg tunnel
The Schottenberg tunnel (also known as the Karin tunnel) in Meißen is Germany's steepest tunnel with a slope of 5% . The two-way traffic tunnel is part of the new federal highway 101 (kilometer 170) and relieves the roads in Meissen's old town considerably. Car traffic coming from the direction of Nossen is led over the Elbe valley bridge after the tunnel .
Structure and dimensions
The tunnel was built from July 13, 2004 to May 16, 2007 (opening of the tunnel to public transport). The construction costs amounted to 35 million euros.
Main and rescue tunnels
The oval main tube ( 13.50 mx 4.50 m ), which accommodates the actual traffic, is 718.80 meters long. The smaller rescue tunnel (oval 2.80 m × 3.10 m ) located immediately next to it (25 m ) is 770 meters long. The rescue tunnel ends at the west portal at a rescue area next to the B 101.
The main tube consists of three lanes, one in the direction of Großenhain and two in the direction of Nossen. This means that the main tunnel has a total carriageway width of 11.5 meters and a one-meter-wide emergency walkway on both sides, under which the conduits for the tunnel's electrical supply run.
A slotted channel with inlet shafts is used for drainage on the lower edge of the roadway on both sides; the water runs via cross lines into the main drainage line located under the roadway in the tunnel.
Concrete inner shell
To seal the Schottenberg tunnel, a so-called umbrella seal was installed against the mountain water. The tubes were backed by fleece and sealed with a 2 mm thick PE film. The reinforced inner tunnel vault was concreted in blocks of 10 meters each against this sealing of the tunnel. The tunnel blocks already contained all the niches, openings and empty pipes before they were inserted to make the parts easier to insert. The inner concrete shell was produced with a hydraulically movable formwork carriage .
Operating and safety equipment
In order to accommodate all the necessary systems for the operation of the tunnel and the control rooms, an operations center was built at the east portal on the Elbe side in front of the retaining wall on Leipziger Strasse. From there, the entire operation of the Schottenberg tunnel is automatically monitored and controlled remotely via a digital control system. Self-sufficient on-site controls were installed for all operations.
The facilities required for security, such as emergency niches with fire extinguishers and emergency telephones, hydrants , video surveillance, fire emergency lights, traffic control and traffic control systems and traffic data acquisition are brought together here in the control center.
Eight-level adaptation lighting, which is adapted to the light-dark transition when entering the tunnel, provides lighting for the entrance portals of the tunnel. There is also longitudinal ventilation with twelve jet fans. These are suspended from the tunnel roof and can be reversed according to the natural wind direction in the tunnel.
All other necessary operating facilities were also built in the area of the east portal: extinguishing water basin, seepage rigole, rain retention basin and a pollutant retention basin. In addition, six accessible emergency booths with fire extinguishers, fire alarms and emergency telephones were installed in the tunnel . Such an emergency call facility is located in every cross passage between the main and secondary tubes. There is an emergency telephone in each of the portal areas. An announcement system with a total of 25 loudspeaker groups was installed in the tunnel , and there is also a radio system for the rescue workers in the emergency and control center radio .
In the event of a fire in the Schottenberg tunnel, an automatic line fire alarm system was installed. There is also fire emergency lighting with escape route indicator lights with arrow symbols and information on the distance to the nearest emergency exit or portal. There are around 50 cameras in the tunnel for traffic monitoring purposes. The Meißen volunteer fire brigade is responsible for fire fighting and technical assistance in the tunnel , with a specially developed vehicle.
Geological
During the work in the Meißner Schottenberg, granite , rhyolite , loose rock and limnic- fluvial gravel deposits were found . In the construction of the tunnel, there were major problems with the different types of rocks the tunnel passes through.
The Schottenberg tunnel mainly leads through solid rock belonging to the Meissner Pluton rock type . The hardest and most unweathered of these rocks had to be crossed with the help of explosives on the first 250 meters from the east portal . The further advance to tunnel meter 330 in the main tunnel and tunnel meter 380 in the rescue tunnel proceeded through a very pronounced fault system, in which in some cases very poor rock characteristics were encountered. Only by means of tunnel excavators and with numerous securing and support means was it possible to continue the mining drive in this area.
In the last section of the tunnel from the tunnel meter 550 the most geologically demanding area of the mountain came in both tunnel tubes. The drive was made more difficult at the end of the tunnel due to the almost completely soundtracked rock and from tunnel meter 600 in the main tunnel and tunnel meter 675 in the Sande and Kiese rescue tunnel; expensive safety and support equipment and tunnel excavators had to be used here.
nickname
The nickname "Karin-Tunnel" was given when the tunnel godmother Karin Strempel ( Saxon member of the state parliament ) carried out the symbolic tunneling at the opening of the building on July 13, 2004 with a blast . There were considerable fears that the Albrechtsburg Castle, 200 meters away, and the Meissen Cathedral (built between 1260 and 1410) could be affected. In retrospect, the fears turned out to be unfounded.
Black light speed camera
There is an approximately 50 meters before the northeastern (lower) output blacklight - Blitzer . A few weeks after the tunnel was opened, this sparked heated discussions as to whether detection devices without a visible lightning bolt would primarily be used to increase fines and not to have an educational effect on road users.
See also
literature
- Klaus Fockenberg, Christian Wieg: Schottenberg tunnel as part of the new Meißen bypass. Geotechnical article. Information service bauingenieur24, Gelnhausen October 24, 2005.
Web links
Coordinates: 51 ° 10 ′ 10.6 ″ N , 13 ° 28 ′ 12.2 ″ E