pork meat

This article deals with the type of meat pork, for the organ builder of the same name see Johann Emanuel pork .

Raw neck piece with bone from pork

Selling pork in Hong Kong

Pork is a collective term for those parts of the domestic pig that are suitable for consumption . In Europe and East Asia , pork is the most common type of meat eaten.

production

→ Main article : Pig production

The domestic pig is one of the longest domesticated pets in the history of human civilization and is kept almost exclusively for meat production. As an omnivore, it used to be used to recycle kitchen waste, but this is now prohibited in many countries for reasons of hygiene. In rural areas, pigs are sometimes still kept outside of farms today, but these are exceptions due to restrictions on home slaughter . Today around half of the pork produced worldwide comes from intensive animal husbandry .

Economical meaning

The greatest producers

According to the food and agriculture organization FAO, around 121 million tons of pork were produced worldwide in 2018 .

The following table gives an overview of the twenty largest producers of pork worldwide, which produced 88.8% of the total.

Largest pork producers (2018)

rank	country	Quantity (in t )		rank	country	Quantity (in t)
1	People's Republic of China	54.037.400		11	Philippines	1,873,063
2	United States	11,942,965		12	Denmark	1,583,247
3	Germany	5,369,944		13	Mexico	1,502,521
4th	Spain	4,530,474		14th	Italy	1,470,671
5	Vietnam	3,816,414		15th	Netherlands	1,461,345
6th	Brazil	3,787,660		16	South Korea	1,324,718
7th	Russia	3,744,170		17th	Japan	1,284,225
8th	France	2,166,417		18th	Belgium	1,073,121
9	Canada	2,142,283		19th	Myanmar	1,063,087
10	Poland	2,135,800		20th	Thailand	999.227
					world	120.881.267

trade

Germany had an export surplus of 229,364 tons of pork in 2016. (The import of pork was 808,295 tons, the export was 1,037,659 tons of meat.) 15,542,605 live pigs were imported to Germany for fattening and 2,464,606 animals were exported.

While the Germans exported almost five percent less to EU countries in 2015, exports to China grew by 17 percent to 379,000 tons compared to the previous year. With 13.3 percent of German pork exports and around 386,000 tons, Italy was the main buyer in 2015.

EU exports totaled around 2.4 million tonnes in the first eight months of 2018. Exports to China and South Korea are constantly increasing . China is the EU's main customer. In 2017, Switzerland exported 2,228 tons of pork, 18,902 tons of slaughter by-products and 44 tons of meat preparations. Switzerland too wants to deliver pig feet , ears , tails and snouts to China in the future . The free trade agreement between Switzerland and China serves as the basis . Swiss Nutrivalor, a subsidiary of Centravo , received approval in 2019 to export pork products to China. In 2019, the degree of self-sufficiency in Switzerland was 93 percent.

In 2018, pork with a total value of around 24.1 billion euros was traded across borders worldwide. The USA was the most important international export country in terms of export value, just ahead of Germany and Spain. A look at the ten most important export countries shows that the majority of the pork traded internationally comes from EU countries and North America.

Pork export countries worldwide (2018)

#	country	Exports (in € million)
1	United States	3,897
2	Germany	3,738
3	Spain	3,415
4th	Denmark	2.213
5	Canada	2,054
6th	Netherlands	1,816
7th	Belgium	1,156
8th	Brazil	907
9	Poland	872
10	France	756

consumption

The following table gives an overview of the ten largest consumers of pork worldwide (in kg / person / year).

Largest pork consumers (2013)

rank	country	kg / head / year
1	Macau	71.48
2	Hong Kong	67.11
3	Montenegro	53.04
4th	Austria	52.56
5	Germany	51.81
6th	Spain	48.92
7th	Poland	46.19
8th	Lithuania	45.67
9	Luxembourg	43.58
10	Croatia	42.79
	Average world	15.20

Between 1998 and 2013, worldwide pork consumption was at a relatively constant level of 15 kilograms per capita per year. In 1961 it was still 8 kg. Austria had the highest per capita pork consumption of the EU countries in 2013 with 52.56 kilograms per capita.

In terms of global consumption in 2013, China led by far (average for Macau, Hong Kong, Taiwan and the mainland), followed by Europe and North America .

In 2018, pork consumption in Switzerland was 21.6 kilograms per capita.

ingredients

→ Main article : List of the ingredients of meat

risk

Eating undercooked or undercooked pork carries the risk of infection with the hepatitis E virus. The disease of Hepatitis E usually takes place without symptoms in Europe, but can also show serious symptoms. Around every sixth European has already been infected with genotype 3, which is common there. Immunocompromised people guesses the Robert Koch Institute from the consumption of raw, just ripened and adobe house and wild boar products such as ground pork and short-ripened raw sausages (z. B. fresh sausage) and not least, heated to 70 ° C domestic and wild boar meat from. Genotypes 1 and 2, which are widespread in southern countries, are mainly ingested through faecal contamination when eating and drinking.

Religious pork bans

→ Main article : "Pork" in the article food taboo

The consumption of pork is forbidden in both the Jewish and Islamic dietary laws . In addition, pork is avoided by the seven-day Adventists , Rastafarians and members of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church .

Social debate about the offer of alternative dishes in public canteens

• Denmark : In January 2016, the city council of the Danish city of Randers sparked a “meatball war”. It was decided that pork should also be offered in the public canteens.
• Germany : The CDU parliamentary group leader in Schleswig-Holstein, Daniel Günther, filed an application against a pork ban, as more and more canteens, daycare centers and schools were taking pork out of their offer in order to take Muslim customs into account. Integration does not work if the majority adapts to a minority in advance obedience . The CDU is not planning a “pork obligation”. The operators put forward mainly practical arguments: Cooking pork-free for only some of the children is too complicated.
• France : The school canteens in France have had so-called substitute dishes for over 30 years when pork is part of the daily special. In 2016, some mayors tried to ban these alternative courts for Muslims and Jews, insofar as this was not religiously neutral. Ex-President Nicolas Sarkozy supports this: The constitutionally anchored "principle of secularity" prohibits a division of the school menus according to religion.

See also

• Cuts of pork

Web links

Commons : Pork  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Wiktionary: pork  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Wikibooks: Recipes with Pork

• Pork on was-wir-essen.de
• Name of the meat parts of the pig on lernlounge.de

Individual evidence

1. ^ Livestock primary> Meat, pig. In: Official FAO production statistics for 2018. fao.org, accessed on April 7, 2020 . 
2. ↑ Trade> Crops and livestock products> Meat, pig. In: Official FAO trade statistics for 2016. fao.org, accessed April 15, 2019 . 
3. ↑ Trade> Live animals> Pigs. In: Official FAO trade statistics for 2016. fao.org, accessed April 15, 2019 . 
4. ↑ The top 8 export countries for German pork . Agrarheute portal , April 5, 2016; accessed on February 11, 2017
5. ↑ Christian Brüggemann: Germany remains the largest pork exporter in the EU. In: topagrar.com. November 7, 2018, accessed November 7, 2018 . 
6. ↑ Agricultural Report 2018 - Meat and Eggs. In: agrarbericht.ch . Retrieved June 24, 2019 . 
7. ↑ Philipp Felber-Eisele: Pig ears and feet for the Chinese. In: tagesanzeiger.ch . June 14, 2019, accessed June 24, 2019 . 
8. ↑ Green light for export - Swiss pig's feet for China. In: srf.ch . June 14, 2019, accessed June 24, 2019 . 
9. ↑ Pork: Fatteners satisfied. In: schweizerbauer.ch . December 11, 2017, accessed January 12, 2020 . 
10. ↑ Trade Map - List of exporters for the selected product (Meat of swine, fresh, chilled or frozen). Retrieved February 7, 2020 . 
11. ↑ ^{a b c} Food Supply - Livestock and Fish Primary Equivalent> Crops and livestock products> Pigmeat. In: Official FAO consumption statistics for 2013. fao.org, accessed on April 15, 2019 . 
12. ↑ The Swiss Pig Market 2018. (PDF; 16.4 MB) In: blw.admin.ch . June 24, 2019, accessed October 20, 2019 . 
13. ↑ Questions and answers on the transmission of the hepatitis E virus by wild pigs and domestic pigs and the foods obtained from them - BfR. Retrieved October 24, 2018 . 
14. ↑ ^{a b} RKI - RKI-Ratgeber - Hepatitis E. Retrieved on October 24, 2018 . 
15. ↑ Out of consideration for Muslims, more and more schools and daycare centers are doing without pork - this is now causing a dispute