Siebold green pigeon
| Siebold green pigeon | ||||||||||
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Siebold green pigeon |
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| Treron Sieboldii | ||||||||||
| ( Temminck , 1835) |
The Siebold green pigeon ( Treron Sieboldii ), also called Siebold fruit pigeon , is a species of pigeon birds. It is distributed in several subspecies in East Asia and, along with the wedge-tailed green pigeon, is one of the green pigeons with the northernmost distribution area. It is one of the few migratory birds among the green pigeons: the Japanese populations overwinter in China.
The IUCN states that the Siebold green pigeon is not at risk ( least concern ).
Appearance
The Siebold green pigeon reaches a body length of 36 centimeters. It is a medium-sized, compactly built pigeon that is about the size of a small city pigeon . The tail accounts for between 10.3 and 12.2 centimeters. The beak is between 1.7 and 2.1 inches long. The gender dimorphism is low.
Appearance of the male
In the male, the wax skin of the beak is almost featherless. The front of the head is bright yellowish green and turns into a dark olive green at the nape and throat. The coat is dark green with a slate gray color in the front area. The small and medium wing-coverts are purple-brown in many individuals, but the wing crease can be olive-green. The large elytra are black and have narrow lemon-yellow fringes on the outer flags. The arm wings are blackish with lemon-yellow outer edges. The wings are black with a very narrow green-yellow border on the outer flags. The back and the upper tail-coverts are dark green. The tail is stepped in a wedge shape. The outer control feathers are blackish with an olive wash on the basal half.
The chin and throat are bright yellow, the ear covers are darker. The breast is bright green-yellow with an individually different shade of orange. The belly is whitish to pale yellow-brown, very rarely also greenish. The flanks are olive gray. The legs also have dark olive-colored dots.
The iris is pink to purple with a blue inner ring. The narrow, featherless orbital ring is blue-gray. The wax skin and the base of the beak are bright blue, the tip of the beak is grayer. The feet are red to purple.
Appearance of the females
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The females resemble the males. In their case, however, the coat is not washed over with slate gray and the brown-violet color on the elytra is missing. The chest is dull green. An orange-colored wash, as it occurs in the males, is completely absent.
Possible confusion
In the distribution area of the Siebold green-tailed pigeon, there are several other species of green pigeon with which it can be confused.
The wedge-tailed pigeon is smaller and always has an olive-colored belly. The Formosa green pigeon is darker, the tail is green on top. The belly is dark green and the males have an orange crown. The pointed-tailed green pigeon has no reddish-brown color on the wing covers, but otherwise shows great similarity to the Siebold green-tailed pigeon . The white-bellied green pigeon is much smaller, the tail is longer and more pointed. The under tail-coverts are bright yellow. The orbital ring is very wide.
Distribution area and habitat
The distribution area of the Siebold green pigeon is Japan including Hokkaidō and the Ryūkyū Islands , a group of islands belonging to Japan in the East China Sea ( Pacific Ocean ) southwest of Japan, which extends over 1,200 km between Kyūshū and Taiwan . It is also found on Taiwan and Lan Yu Island . In China it is represented in Hebei, in the south of Shaanxi, in the east of Sichuan, in Fujian, Guizhou, Guangxi and Hainan as well as in Hong Kong. It is also found in northern Thailand, Vietnam and Laos.
In Japan the Siebold green pigeon is predominantly a migratory bird and can only be found in the summer months.
The Siebold green pigeon is a forest dweller. It inhabits deciduous and mixed forest and prefers primary forest. In Japan it occurs both in forests of the lowlands and in mountain forests up to 1500 meters above sea level. However, their main area of distribution is mountain forests between 1000 and 1500 meters above sea level. In the Chinese distribution area it can be found predominantly at altitudes between 1375 and 1600 meters above sea level. In Taiwan it can still be found at altitudes of 2300 meters.
Way of life
The Siebold green pigeon lives in pairs or in small groups of up to 10 individuals. In Japan it is a shy and secretive bird.
It lives almost exclusively on fruits and prefers to eat wild cherries of the Prunus maximowiczii species , but also grapes from the rust red grapevine and the stone fruits of dogwood . Acorns are one of their winter foods. Usually the fruits are picked directly from the branches. Only occasionally does she come to drink on the floor. In Japan she is regularly seen bathing in mineral springs or in sea water and drinking it. On the coast of Hokkaidō, flocks of up to 200 birds have been observed, in the interior of Honshu even up to 440 birds. This behavior is only observed during the summer half of the year, which indicates that certain minerals are missing in their summer food.
As is typical for pigeons, the nest is erected in trees as a loose platform of twigs. The clutch consists of two eggs.
Dedication names
The German name and the specific epithet Sieboldii honor Philipp Franz von Siebold . Siebold (born February 17, 1796 in Würzburg , † October 18, 1866 in Munich ) was a Bavarian doctor , Japan - and natural scientist, ethnologist , botanist and collector . He lived in Japan from 1823 to 1829 and from 1859 to 1862. Siebold is one of the most important witnesses of the isolated Japan of the late Edo period and is also highly revered in today's Japan.
literature
- David Gibbs, Eustace Barnes and John Cox: Pigeons and Doves - A Guide to the Pigeons and Doves of the World. Pica Press, Sussex 2001, ISBN 90-74345-26-3 .
- Gerhard Rösler: The wild pigeons of the earth - free living, keeping and breeding. M. & H. Schaper Verlag, Alfeld-Hannover 1996, ISBN 3-7944-0184-0 .
Web links
- Treron sieboldii in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2012. Posted by: BirdLife Internationalnd, 2012. Retrieved on 13 Nuovember 2016th
- Call of the Siebold green pigeon on Xeno-Canto
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Treron sieboldii in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2012. Posted by: BirdLife International, 2012. Accessed November 13, 2016th
- ↑ a b Gibbs, Barnes and Cox: Pigeons and Doves. P. 454.
- ↑ Gibbs, Barnes and Cox: Pigeons and Doves. P. 456.
- ↑ Bo Beolens, Michael Watkins: Whose Bird? Men and Women Commemorated in the Common Names of Birds . Christopher Helm, London 2003, ISBN 0-7136-6647-1 , pp. 205 .