Summer magnolia
| Summer magnolia | ||||||||||||
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Flowers of summer magnolia ( Magnolia sieboldii ) |
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| Magnolia Sieboldii | ||||||||||||
| K. Koch |
The summer magnolia ( Magnolia Sieboldii ), also known as Siebold's magnolia , is a species of plant belonging to the genus of magnolias ( Magnolia ). This deciduous shrub is native to East Asia and is occasionally used as an ornamental wood in the temperate areas .
description
The summer magnolia is a large, deciduous shrub or small tree that can grow to a height of 10 meters. The trunk branches just above the ground and forms a funnel-shaped, widely spreading crown. The young twigs are gray-brown and hairy, older branches are bare and have light gray bark .
The alternate , leathery leaves are nine to 15 centimeters long and four to nine centimeters wide. The leaf shape is broadly inverted ovate. The tip of the leaf tapers to a short point, the base of the leaf broadly wedge-shaped to slightly heart-shaped. The leaves are bluish frosted underneath and covered with hair. The stipules are fused with this on half the length of the petiole.
The fragrant flowers appear shortly after the leaves in May to June. The flowers unfold from buds standing individually at the ends of the branches and reach 7 to 10 centimeters in diameter. The hairy flower stalk measures three to seven centimeters, the flowers are inclined to the side or hang down. The flower organs of the hermaphrodite flower are arranged in a spiral. There are nine white bracts (tepals). The outer three bracts are larger and rounded at the base, while the inner six are strikingly narrow at the base. In the center of the flower there are numerous pink to purple-red colored stamens and numerous green pistils . The resulting oval, 2 to 7 centimeters long pelvis fruit is first green and later turns red. The seeds are surrounded by a red seed coat ( arillus ).
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 38.
Distribution area
The summer magnolia comes from East Asia, it comes from Japan ( Honshū , Shikoku and Kyushu ) via Korea to northeast China . Related species, which also occur in China, are more widespread in the southwest and are widely separated from the area of the summer magnolia.
use
The summer magnolia is occasionally used as an ornamental wood. It was introduced to Europe around 1865. Due to the rather late flowering and great winter hardiness, it can be cultivated in areas where the flower buds of earlier flowering magnolias freeze to death. Only a few varieties and hybrids were selected:
- 'Genesis' - Tetraploid shape with thicker petals.
- 'Kwanso' - This variety has a higher number of petals.
- 'Minor' - Smaller variety in all parts.
- 'Variegata' leaves variegated white.
- Magnolia × wieseneri → Magnolia hypoleuca × Magnolia Sieboldii - Described as early as 1890, this cross occurs naturally in Japan.
- 'Charles Coates' → Magnolia Sieboldii × Magnolia tripetala - originated in 1946 in the Royal Botanical Garden in Kew .
Systematics
Within the genus Magnolia , the summer magnolia is classified in the sub-genus Magnolia , there in the section Rhytidospermum and subsection Oyama . The Oyama subsection also contains the closely related species Magnolia globosa and Magnolia wilsonii . These are also known as summer magnolias, but are even less common in Europe. Summer magnolia plants from Japan are of the subspecies Magnolia Sieboldii ssp. japonica K.Ueda assigned. They differ by lighter stamens and a smaller size. Plants originating in central China are sometimes called Magnolia Sieboldii ssp. sinensis (Rehder & EHWilson) Spongberg , but also assigned to Magnolia globosa or listed as a separate species Magnolia sinensis . Synonyms for Magnolia Sieboldii K.Koch are: Magnolia parviflora Sieb. et Zucc. , Magnolia oyama Kort , Magnolia verecunda Koidz. The specific epithet Sieboldii honors Philipp Franz von Siebold (1796–1866).
There are three subspecies:
- Magnolia Sieboldii subsp. japonica K. Ueda : There are natural occurrences in central and southern Japan and in China in Anhui and Guangxi. It is a lower shrub whose flowers contain six bracts and greenish-white stamens.
- Magnolia Sieboldii subsp. Sieboldii : There are natural occurrences in China and Korea. The trees or large shrubs, their leaves are rarely more than 16 cm smaller than the other subspecies and they have flowers with nine to twelve bracts and reddish to purple-colored stamens.
- Magnolia Sieboldii subsp. sinensis (Rehder & EH Wilson) Spongberg : There are natural occurrences in southwest China ( Sichuan ). It differs from the other subspecies in that it has larger leaves (usually around 22 cm).
symbolism
The magnolia is a national symbol of North Korea , and the summer magnolia in particular is a frequently used motif, for example depicted as a watermark on the won bills and as the main motif on the front of the 100 won bill from 2008. The reunification memorial in Pyongyang also features a summer magnolia.
Individual evidence
- ^ Classification of Magnoliaceae. Magnolia Society International, 2004, accessed December 22, 2015 . , see. RB Figlar, HP Nooteboom: Notes on Magnoliaceae IV. In: Blumea. Leiden 49,2004,1,87. ISSN 0006-5196
- ↑ a b c Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Magnolia Sieboldii. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved September 25, 2019.
- ↑ National Flower korea-dpr.com
literature
- DJ Callaway: The World of Magnolias . Timber Press, Portland 1994, pp. 154ff. ISBN 0-88192-236-6
