Austrian rocket

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Austrian rocket
Sisymbrium austriacum 001.jpg

Austrian rocket ( Sisymbrium austriacum )

Systematics
Eurosiden II
Order : Cruciferous (Brassicales)
Family : Cruciferous vegetables (Brassicaceae)
Tribe : Sisymbrieae
Genre : Rocket ( sisymbrium )
Type : Austrian rocket
Scientific name
Sisymbrium austriacum
Jacq.

The Austrian Rocket ( Sisymbrium austriacum ) is a plant of the genus rauks ( Sisymbrium ) within the family of Brassicaceae (Brassicaceae).

description

The Austrian rocket is a summer depending on the subspecies and location, winter- or evergreen, one- , two-year and perennial , herbaceous plant , the stature heights of usually 15 to 60, often up to 80 centimeters reached. In the first year it forms a basal leaf rosette . The independently upright, branched stems are almost bare. In the lower area they are filled with individual, mostly upwardly curved wallets. The leaves are variable: saw-shaped, pinnate, pinnate to almost entire, shiny and mostly glabrous. The lower leaves are stalked, more or less deeply pinnate, with broad, triangular leaf sections. The upper leaves are sessile and their leaf sections are longer.

The flowering period extends from May to June. In traubigen inflorescence many flowers are borne. The hermaphrodite flowers are fourfold. The four sepals are 2.3 to 4 mm long and unhorned. There is different information about the four golden yellow petals , either they are 4 to 6.5 mm or 6 to 8 mm long. The 1.2 to 1.6 mm long stamens have yellow 0.6 to 1 mm long anthers . The stylus are 1 to 3 mm long.

The usually 2 to 4, rarely up to 6 cm long, 0.5 to 1 mm thick pods are more or less upright on thin, 5 to 12 mm long stalks; the young pods do not rise above the flower buds.

The basic chromosome number is x = 7; there is diploidy , i.e. 2n = 14.

ecology

The Austrian rocket is a hemicryptophyte , therophyte or a half-rosette plant .

In terms of flower ecology, the Austrian rocket is a disc flower with more or less hidden nectar and nectaries located at the base of the stamens. There is insect pollination or self-pollination . The Austrian rocket is self-compatible .

The diaspores are the seeds and it occurs by self-propagation and wind-propagation.

ingredients

Unlike the other species of the genus Sisymbrium , the Austrian rocket contains mustard oils and glycosides that have an effect on the heart and are therefore poisonous.

Austrian rocket ( Sisymbrium austriacum )

Occurrence

The distribution area has large gaps. It extends in southern, western and central Europe from Spain to Moravia and the Vienna area to the east, to the north to the Süntel near Hameln and to Thuringia .

It occurs sporadically on the middle reaches of the Weser, Main and Rhine as well as on the Swabian and Franconian Alb , also south of Lake Geneva , in the Valais and on the eastern edge of the Alps , in the Vienna Basin and on Vienna's Schneeberg and near Krems .

In Central Europe it inhabits roadsides, rock debris heaps and walls. In Central Europe it is a type of character of the Sisymbrio-Asperuginetum from the Sisymbrian Association, but also occurs in societies of the Arction Association.

The Austrian rocket thrives on calcareous , nutrient-rich , stony soils that may be poor in fine soil, but should be warm in summer. It likes to thrive in rock grottos.

In Germany only the subspecies Sisymbrium austriacum subsp. austriacum .

Systematics

Sisymbrium austriacum was first published in 1775 by Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin in Florae Austriaceae , Volume 3, p. 35. Synonyms for Sisymbrium austriacum Jacq. are: Sisymbrium multisiliquosum Willk. , Sisymbrium pyrenaicum (L.) Vill. nom. illeg., Sisymbrium pyrenaicum subsp. austriacum (Jacq.) Schinz & Thell.

Four subspecies of the species Sisymbrium austriacum are described:

  • Sisymbrium austriacum Jacq. subsp. austriacum (Syn .: Sisymbrium acutangulum DC. , Sisymbrium erysimifolium Pourr. , Sisymbrium tillieri Willd. , Sisymbrium villarsii Jord. , Sisymbrium austriacum subsp. erysimifolium (Pourr.) Rouy & Foucaud , Sisymbrium austriacum subsp. tillieri (Willd.) Valbusa , Sisymbrium austriacum subsp. villarsii (Jord.) Rouy & Foucaud ): It occurs today in the entire range of the species; whether it was originally located on the Iberian Peninsula is not certain. It is a biennial herbaceous plant.
  • Sisymbrium austriacum subsp. chrysanthum (Jord.) Rouy & Foucaud (Syn .: Sisymbrium chrysanthum Jord. , Sisymbrium acutangulum subsp. chrysanthum (Jord.) Cadevall ): It is widespread in the Pyrenees and on the northern Iberian Peninsula. There are occurrences in Andorra as well as France and it occurs in Portugal only in the province of Minho , in northern Spain it is more common. The variable subspecies is a perennial herbaceous plant.
  • Sisymbrium austriacum subsp. contortum (Cav.) Rouy & Foucaud (Syn .: Sisymbrium contortum Cav. , Sisymbrium matritense Pau , Sisymbrium pyrenaicum subsp. contortum (Cav.) Thell. ): It occurs in France, Spain and Portugal. It grows as an annual or perennial herbaceous plant.
  • Sisymbrium austriacum subsp. hispanicum (Jacq.) PWBall & Heywood (Syn .: Sisymbrium hispanicum Jacq. ): It is only native to Spain. It grows as an annual or biennial herbaceous plant.

literature

  • Otto Schmeil , Jost Fitschen (greeting), Siegmund Seybold: The flora of Germany and the neighboring countries. A book for identifying all wild and frequently cultivated vascular plants. 95th completely revised u. exp. Edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01498-2 .
  • Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). 2nd, corrected and enlarged edition. Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8001-4990-2 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas. 8th edition, Ulmer-Verlag, 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 .
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (Hrsg.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 2: Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Dilleniidae): Hypericaceae to Primulaceae. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3312-1 .
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe. 2nd Edition. Volumes 1–5, Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .
  • Santiago Castroviejo Bolibar, César Gómez Campo, Ramón Morales Valverde, Gonzalo Nieto Feliner, Enrique Rico Hernández, Salvador Talavera Lozano: Cruciferae. In: Flora Iberica , Volume IV, 2003 - Sisymbrieae - Sisymbrium : Sisymbrium austriacum , p. 14 - full text PDF.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Austrian rocket. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b c d e data sheet at Info Flora - the internet portal of the national data and information center on Swiss flora .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g data sheet at BiolFlor of the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany .
  4. ↑ a b c d e data sheet from Flora Vascular .
  5. ↑ a b c Rothmaler: Exkursionsflora von Deutschland , Spektrum Akademischer Verlag Heidelberg, Berlin, 20th edition 2011 ISBN 978-3-8274-1606-3 , page 548
  6. ↑ Data sheet at BIB, the Bavarian Botanical Information Node .
  7. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001. Page 475. ISBN 3-8001-3131-5
  8. ↑ a b K. Marhold, 2011: Brassicaceae. : Data sheet at Euro + Med PlantBase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity .
  9. ↑ Flora Iberica , Volume IV - Cruciferae - Sisymbrieae - Sisymbrium : Sisymbrium austriacum , p. 14 - full text PDF.

Web links

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