Sizakele Sigxashe

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Sizakele Whitmore Sigxashe , in short: Siza (born June 21, 1937 in Viedgesville; † December 13, 2011 ) was an official of the African National Congress (ANC), doctor of economics and head of the South African National Intelligence Agency .

Youth and education

Sigxashe was born in the village of Viedgesville (today in the King Sabata Dalindyebo Local Municipality ) near Umtata as the child of Alice and William Sigxashe in an agricultural family. He grew up with two other siblings. He spent his first school years at Xugwala Primary School and his time up to successful Matric at St John's College in Umtata. He then took up studies in 1958 at the University College of Fort Hare , which he left in 1961 with a bachelor's degree in languages ​​(English, Xhosa).

In response to the Rivonia Trial , he left South Africa to continue to be politically active in foreign exile. As an active participant in the liberation movement, he received a delegation to study at a university in the Soviet Union . There he took lectures in the subjects of finance and banking . In 1970 he completed this stay abroad with a Ph.D. in Political Economy at the then Kiev Institute of Economics ( Russian : Киевский института народного хозяйства).

Professional and political career

Sigxashe joined the ANC in 1959 while studying at Fort Hare. Here he met Chris Hani and Eric Manzi . In the first years of this membership he was active in the Executive Committee of the ANC Youth League , where Govan Mbeki became aware of him. At this time Sigxashe also became a member of the South African Communist Party (SACP). After receiving his doctorate in Kiev, he joined Umkhonto we Sizwe in 1970 . But first he embarked on his chosen academic career path. Since 1972 Sigxashe has been teaching as a lecturer in the field of development research at the University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania , and in 1974 as a senior lecturer .

In 1976 he moved to the service of the ANC, where he worked under the umbrella of the Revolutionary Council (RC, founded in 1969 by resolution at the Morogoro Conference and later converted into the Politico-Military Council (PMC)) with research tasks in the 1978 founded Military Intelligence Section was appointed. The internal ANC security department, however, was created in 1969 (according to ANC documents). As part of his area of ​​responsibility, Sigxashe was an advisor to the Angolan Ministry of Defense. During 1981 he took another professional step within the ANC when he was appointed Secretary of the Department of Information and Publicity, based in Lusaka ( Zambia ). After all, Sigxashe had been a member of the National Directorate of the Department of Intelligence and Security (DIS), the ANC intelligence service at the time, since 1983 . He was in charge of the Information Processing and Research Station (e.g. information processing and research). As a result of this function he belonged to the influential Political-Military Council (PMC, Politico-Military Council) of the ANC, which Oliver Tambo chaired and which was operationally headed by Secretary Joe Nhlanhla .

In 1983 Sigxashe became a member of the Central Committee of the SACP. Two years later, in 1985, at the ANC's Kabwe Conference, the participants elected him to the National Executive Committee (NEC). He was a member of this body until 1991. This position led to a structural reorganization in the DIS.

According to the Helen Suzman Foundation , he received training in the field of intelligence services from the Soviet Union and the GDR .

When a mutiny broke out in two ANC camps (Pango, Viana) on Angolan territory in 1984 , as a result of which there were several deaths, a commission ( Stuart Commission of Inquiry ) was set up that same year to investigate the events . Sigxashe, as DIS chief analyst , was a member of this committee alongside Hermanus Loots ( James Stuart ), Antony Mongalo, Aziz Pahad and Mtu Jwili.

In 1985 the NEC formed a Provisional Directorate of Intelligence and Security under the direction of Alfred Nzo , within which he was responsible for Processing and Analysis alongside Joe Nhlanhla, Jacob Zuma and Tony Mongalo in the role of Head of the Central Intelligence Evaluation Sector (CIES) .

After opposition organizations such as the ANC were readmitted, Sigxashe returned to South Africa in March 1991. Now he acted from the soil of his home country as head of the DIS and was already discussed in the course of the transition negotiations from apartheid to a democratic South Africa as director general of a new or reformed state intelligence service.

With the Transitional Executive Act ( Act No. 151/1993 ) it became possible to form a joint negotiating group for all government-relevant departments, the Transitional Executive Council (TEC, German for " Transitional Executive Council "). In this circle, an intelligence subcouncil was created , which finally appointed a Joint co-ordinating intelligence committee (German: “Joint intelligence service coordination committee”).

In February 1995, Sigxashe took over the role of the first director-general of the National Intelligence Agency (NIA) founded in 1994 , the new domestic intelligence service. With its establishment, the integration of intelligence structures from the previous liberation movements ANC and PAC as well as some state authorities took place under a joint management. As his successor in office, Vusi Mavinbela took over the management of the domestic intelligence service in January 2000 .

Honors

  • 2016: Order of Mendi for Bravery in silver

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Shelag Gastrow: Who's who in South Africans Politics, Number 5 . Ravan Press, Johannesburg 1995, pp. 271-272. ISBN 0-86975-458-0
  2. ↑ Nomvula Mokonyane : Nomvula Mokonyane's eulogy to Sizakele Sigxashe . Funeral speech given by Prime Minister Gauteng Province on December 19, 2011 at the funeral, online at www.politicsweb.co.za (English)
  3. ↑ St John's College: St John's College . on www.stjohnscollegemthatha.co.za (English)
  4. ↑ Київський національний економічний університет: KNEU History Milestones . on kneu.edu.ua (Ukrainian, English)
  5. ↑ Электронной библиотеки Украины: Киевский национальный экономический университет имени Вадима нат . Entry in the Electronic Library of Ukraine, on www.uateka.com (Russian)
  6. ↑ Stephen Ellis: External Mission: The ANC in Exile, 1960-1990 . Oxford University Press , Oxford, New York 2013, p. 58. ISBN 978-0-19-933-061-4 ( online at www.books.google.de )
  7. ↑ a b Stephen Ellis : External Mission: The ANC in Exile 1960-1990 . Johannesburg, Cape Town, 2012, pp. 58–59. ISBN 978-1-86842-530-3
  8. ^ Nelson Mandela Foundation : The Liberation Movements from 1960 to 1990. RC membership between 1976 and 1980 . on www.nelsonmandela.org (English)
  9. ^ Republic of South Africa: The Order of Mendi for Bravery in Silver: Dr Sizakele Sigxashe (Posthumous) . www.thepresidency.gov.za (English)
  10. ^ Helen Suzman Foundation: Zimbabwe: Democracy under threat . on www.hsf.org.za (English)
  11. ^ Hermanus Loots et al .: Stuart Commission Report . at www.nelsonmandela.org (English), Commission of Inquiry Into Recent Developments in the People's Republic of Angola. Lusaka, March 14, 1984
  12. ^ The Library, University of the Witwatersrand: Historical Papers: ANC Camps in Exile, Commissions, 1984-1993 . www.historicalpapers.wits.ac.za (English), Mongalo was the ANC representative in the GDR
  13. ^ Truth and Reconciliation Commission : Further submissions and responses by the African National Congress to questions raised by the Commission for Truth and Reconciliation. May 12, 1997; 5.4. The Politico-Military Council (PMC), 1983-1985 . on www.justice.gov.za (English)
  14. ^ South African History Online: Sizakele Sigxashe . on www.sahistory.org.za (English)
  15. ^ Truth and Reconciliation Commission : Further submissions and responses by the African National Congress to questions raised by the Commission for Truth and Reconciliation. May 12, 1997; 6.3.3. The NAT Directorate, 1985-1990 . on www.justice.gov.za (English)
  16. ^ SAIRR : Race Relations Survey 1993/1994 . Johannesburg 1994, p. 507.
  17. ^ Nelson Mandela Foundation : Transitional Executive Council (TEC) . on www.nelsonmandela.org (English)
  18. ↑ Mac Maharaj : Jacob Zuma's tribute to Sizakele Sigxashe . News from December 14, 2011 on www.politicsweb.co.za (English)
  19. ^ Nigel West: Historical Dictionaries of Intelligence . The Scarecrow Press, Lanham (Maryland) 2006, p. 232. ( online )
  20. ↑ Sandy Africa & Johnny Kwadjo et al .: Changing Intelligence Dynamics in Africa . African Security Sector Network, 2009, pp. 76-77. ISBN 0-7400-2763-X ( online )
  21. ^ Jacob Zuma : SA: Jacob Zuma: Address by South African President, at the 2016 National Orders Awards Ceremony, Sefako Makgatho Presidential Guest House, Pretoria (28/04/2016) . at www.polity.org.za (English)
personal data
SURNAME Sigxashe, Sizakele
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Sigxashe, Sizakele Whitmore (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION South African intelligence chief
DATE OF BIRTH June 21, 1937
PLACE OF BIRTH Viedgesville
DATE OF DEATH December 13, 2011