Convolvulus scammonia
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Convolvulus scammonia , illustration |
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Convolvulus scammonia is a plant type from the genus of the winches ( Convolvulus ) in the family of wind plants (Convolvulaceae). It is also called the Oriental Purging Winds , "Purging Winds" because of its laxative effect and "Oriental" to distinguish it from Jalape , the Mexican Purging Winds.
description
Convolvulus scammonia is a perennial plant whose thin, herbaceous stems can be up to 75 cm long and creep or twist. The plant is hairless. The leaves are stalked, triangular-ovate or lanceolate, arrow-shaped and with entire margins.
The inflorescence stalks are in the armpits, are usually much longer than the bracts and usually have more than three flowers . The sepals are pointed and edged. The crown is about 25 to 45 mm long and bright yellow in color.
Occurrence
Convolvulus scammonia occurs in the Crimea, the East Aegean Islands, in outer and southeastern Anatolia , in western Syria and in northern Iraq. It colonizes oak forests on limestone, maquis, rubble slopes, gravel surfaces, ruins, fields and fallow land up to an altitude of 1350 m.
use
The dried milky sap of the root was used as a strong (drastic) laxative under the name Skammonium , as a drastic , according to the second volume of Jonathan Pereiras (1804-1853) and Rudolf Buchheim's Handbuch der Heilmittelellehre maybe even before Hippocrates . The indication therefore corresponded to the jalapen resin, the dried milky sap of the root of Ipomoea purga , also a bindweed. The active ingredients are resinous glycosides. Some (such as Scammonin I , Purginosid I and II and Purgin I) have been clarified in their structure. The pharmacologist Paul Trendelenburg no longer mentions the plant Convolvulus scammonia and the scammonium in his Foundations of General and Special Medicinal Prescriptions , published in 1926, but the jalapen root. He comments, “All harsh laxatives should be used with great caution. At higher doses, the inflammation of the intestinal mucous membrane can become so severe that accumulated, thin fluid evacuations, which are severely debilitating for the patient and are associated with severe colic pain, occur. After high doses, the most severe bloody gastroenteritis occurs. "
Merck's product encyclopedia mentions Aleppo in Syria and Izmir in Turkey as the main production sites of the skammonium in 1920 , complains about the increasing adulteration of the goods and refers to the alternative production of patent skammonium . Here, dried roots were imported and extracted with ethanol .
Today its use is obsolete for the reasons given by Trendelenburg. The sentence "It has been superseded by less toxic purgatives" - "It has been replaced by less toxic laxatives" refers to skammonium and jalapen resin.
literature
- Clive A. Stace: Convolvulus. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 3: Diapensiaceae to Myoporaceae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1972, ISBN 0-521-08489-X , pp. 82 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Jonathan Pereira, Rudolf Buchheim: Handbuch der Heilmittelellehre. Volume 2, Leopold Voss, Leipzig 1848, p. 339 ff., Full text in the Google book search
- ^ BS Parris: Convolvulus. In: Peter Hadland Davis (Ed.): Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol. 6 (Campanulaceae to Scrophulariaceae) . Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh 1978, ISBN 0-85224-336-7 , pp. 217 .
- ↑ Jonathan Pereira, Rudolf Buchheim: Handbuch der Heilmittelellehre. Volume 2, Leopold Voss, Leipzig 1848, p. 344 ff., Full text in the Google book search
- ↑ R. Magnus: convulvulin, jalapine (scammonine), turpethine, ipomoein. In: A. Heffter (Hrsg.): Handbuch der experimental Pharmakologie. Second volume, second half. Julius Springer, Berlin 1924, pp. 1664–1669.
- ↑ John Castañeda-Gómez, Rogelio Pereda-Miranda: Resin glycosides from the herbal drug jalap (Ipomoea purga) . In: Journal of Natural Products . tape 74 , 2011, pp. 1148-1153 , doi : 10.1021 / np200080k .
- ↑ Paul Trendelenburg: Basics of the general and special drug prescription. Vogel, Leipzig 1926.
- ↑ Skammonium ( Memento of the original from January 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . In: Adolf Beythien, Ernst Dressler (Ed.): Merck's Lexicon of Goods for Trade, Industry and Commerce. 7th edition. Gloeckner, Leipzig 1920 (reprint: Manuscriptum, Recklinghausen 1996. ISBN 3-933497-13-2 )
- ↑ Ainley Wade (Ed.): Martindale - The Extra Pharmacopoeia. 27th edition. The Pharmaceutical Press, London 1977, pp. 1337-1338.
Web links
- Thomas Meyer, Michael Hassler: Mediterranean flora. [1]