BM-30

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BM-30 / 9A52 Smertsch rocket launcher

The BM-30 is a multiple missile launcher system of the Russian Federation . The GRAU index is 9A52 Smertsch (tornado). The system index of the Russian Armed Forces is 9K58 . The missiles are called 9M55 .

development

The system was developed by the state arms manufacturer Splaw in Tula in the late 1970s . It was introduced into the Soviet land forces in 1987. The system was first observed by NATO in 1983, which is why it was given the NATO designation M1983. The Smertsch replaced the FROG-7 short-range missile system in the Soviet armed forces.

variants

  • 9A52 Smertsch: Standard variant with twelve turret tubes; installed on a truck MAZ-79111 .
  • 9A52B Smertsch: Improved 2nd series version
  • 9A52-2 Smertsch-M: Improved version with truck MAZ-543 M.
  • 9A52-2K Smertsch-K: Modernized 9A52-2 with new fire control system and 9M52X missiles.
  • 9A52-2T Smertsch-G: Like Smertsch-M, but installed on a Tatra 816 truck . For India. Introduced in 2006.
  • 9A52-4 Smertsch-S / Tornado / Kama: Prototype with six turret tubes installed on a KamAZ-63501 . Introduced in 2007.
  • 9A53 Tornado-S : Successor model with 2 × 6 turrets, presented in 2007.Installedon a type MZKT-7930 truck. Thanks to the modular structure, the missiles of the BM-22 and BM-21 systems can also befired.
  • PHL96: Chinese replica with ten tubes. Installed on a WS2400 truck . Max. Range 120 km.
  • PHL03 : Chinese replica with twelve launch tubes. The export version is referred to as AR-2 . Maximum range 120 km.
  • A-100: Further development of the PHL96 with ten turret tubes. Also known as AR-1A . Max. Range 150 km.

technology

On the four-axle truck MAZ-543m is a tubular package with twelve tubes of the caliber 300 mm mounted. A rocket launcher is able to fire all twelve rockets within ten seconds. As a rule, a volley is fired within 20 seconds. It takes 36 minutes to reload an empty turret. A battery of four BM-30 systems covers a target area of ​​approx. 800 × 800 m (640,000 m²) with a total of 48 missiles. The maximum spread of a rocket volley is 150 m (with a maximum operational range of 70 km). The 9A52 Smertsch uses the following missiles:

  • 9M55F with 235 kg 9N150 fragmentation warhead containing 95.5 kg of explosives. Range 70 km.
  • 9M55K with 72 pieces of fragmentation bomblets (submunition) 9N235 weighing 1.8 kg each, each producing 400 fragments. Range 70 km.
  • 9M55K1 with 9N152 warhead with 5 pieces of self-targeting (intelligent) submunition 9A3493 SPBE-D Motiv-3M . Range 70 km.
  • 9M55K2 with 9N128S fireballs. Development stopped. Range 70 km.
  • 9M55K3 with 64 anti-personnel mines of the type POM-2 S. Range 70 km.
  • 9M55K4 with 25 pieces tank mines type PTM-3 with magnetos . Range 70 km.
  • 9M55K5 with 646 pieces of 9N176 bombs (3B30) with a combined splinter and armor penetrating effect. Range 70 km.
  • 9M55K6 with 5 pieces of self-targeting (intelligent) submunitions 9N268 SPBE . Range 70 km.
  • 9M55K7 with 20 pieces of self-targeting (intelligent) submunition 9H282 SPBE-E (9N282) . Range 70 km.
  • 9M55S with the parachute- braked thermobaric (FAE) warhead of the type 9N174 (9M216) . When detonated, it develops a heat effect of over 1000 ° C for 1.4 seconds at a diameter of 25 m. The warhead weighs 243 kg. Range 70 km.

In the early 1990s, the improved 9A52M Smertsch-M system was introduced. The modernized version has an automated fire control system and equipment for combat control and communication. An improved missile type is also used. In this version, the maximum spread of a rocket volley is 170 m (with a maximum operational range of 90 km).
The 9A52M Smertsch-M uses the following missiles:

  • 9M525 with 72 pieces of fragmentation bomblets (submunitions) 9N235 . Range 90 km.
  • 9M526 with 9N152 warhead with 5 pieces of self-targeting (intelligent) submunition 9A3493 SPBE-D Motiv-3M . Range 90 km.
  • 9M527 with 25 pieces tank mines type PTM-3 with magnetos . Range 90 km
  • 9M528 with a 235 kg separating 9N150 fragmentation warhead containing 95.5 kg of explosives. Range 90 km
  • 9M529 with a thermobaric (FAE) 9N174 warhead with an effective charge of 100 kg. Range 90 km.
  • 9M530 with a penetration warhead (for fighting concrete structures) that contains 75 kg of explosives. Range 90 km.
  • 9M531 with 616 pieces of 9N176 bombs (3B30) with combined splinter and armor penetrating effect. Range 90 km.
  • 9M532 with 20 self-targeting (intelligent) submunitions 9N282 SPBE-E . Range 70 km.
  • 9M533 with 5 pieces of 9N268 SPBE-K self-targeting (intelligent) submunition. Range 90 km.
  • 9M534 with the R-90 / 9M61 (T-90-11) - reconnaissance drone for battlefield reconnaissance and fire control. Range 90 km.
  • 9M535 with 9N128S fireballs. Development stopped. Range 90 km.
  • 9M536 with 72 POBE penetration bomblets with combined splinter and fire effect, each weighing 2.4 kg. Range 90 km.
  • 9M537 with 32 KPDM-4 RBE-OP bomblets of 4.5 kg each with proximity fuse . Range 90 km.
  • 9M542 with a course correction system with an inertial navigation platform . With a separating 150 kg fragment warhead containing 70 kg of explosives. The warhead produces 500 fragments of 50 grams each. Range 120 km.

User states

9A52-4 Smertsch-S
Indian Smertsch system based on a Tatra 815-2

Current users

  • AlgeriaAlgeria Algeria - As of January 2018, there are 18 “9A52” in service.
  • AzerbaijanAzerbaijan Azerbaijan - As of January 2018, there are 30 "BM-30" in service.
  • IndiaIndia India - As of January 2018, there are 28 "9A52" in service.
  • KazakhstanKazakhstan Kazakhstan - As of January 2018 there are 6 "BM-30" in service.
  • KuwaitKuwait Kuwait - As of January 2018, there are 27 "9A52" in service.
  • RussiaRussia Russia - As of April 17, 2019, 100 "BM-30" and 42 "9A53" are in service with the Army .
  • SyriaSyria Syria - As of January 2018, there are an unknown number of “9A52” in service.
  • TurkmenistanTurkmenistan Turkmenistan - As of January 2018, there are 6 “9A52-2T” in service.
  • UkraineUkraine Ukraine - As of January 2018, there are 75 “9A52” in service.
  • VenezuelaVenezuela Venezuela - As of January 2018, there are 12 "9A52" in service.
  • United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates - As of January 2018, there are 6 "9A52" in service.
  • BelarusBelarus Belarus - As of January 2018 there are 36 "9A52" in service, which are to be replaced by the domestic Polonez system in the near future .

commitment

The Russian army used the 9K58 Smertsch in operations in Dagestan , the Chechen war and the 2008 Caucasus conflict . During the civil war in Syria , the BM-30 is used by the Syrian army . In addition, the Smertsch was used in the 2014 crisis in Ukraine .

Web links

Commons : BM-30  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 300-миллиметровый реактивный снаряд 9М55С. Retrieved December 18, 2013 (Russian).
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS): The Military Balance 2018 . 1st edition. Routledge, London 2018, ISBN 978-1-85743-955-7 (English, January 2018).
  3. ^ The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS): The Military Balance 2018 . 1st edition. Routledge, London 2018, ISBN 978-1-85743-955-7 , pp. 194 (English, as of January 2018, including 12 "9A53").
  4. ↑ Около 100 единиц современной военной техники поступило в войска ЮВО с начала года. In: Министерство обороны Российской Федерации. structure.mil.ru, March 12, 2019, accessed on March 15, 2019 (in Russian, including a further 20 "Tornado-S" (9A53) were put into service).
  5. ↑ Около 30 единиц современных образцов вооружения поступило в войска ЮВО в течение недели. In: Министерство обороны Российской Федерации. structure.mil.ru, April 17, 2019, accessed on April 19, 2019 (in Russian, including a further 10 "Tornado-S" (9A53) were put into service).
  6. ^ Polonez Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS), Belarus. In: Verdict Media Limited - ARMY TECHNOLOGY. army-technology.com, accessed March 15, 2019 (Russian).