Song Huizong
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| Sòng Huīzōng ( 宋徽宗 ) | |
|---|---|
| Family name : | Zhào ( 趙 ) |
| First name : | Jí ( 佶 ) |
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Posthumous title : (complete) |
Emperor Tishen Hedao Junlie Xungong Shengwen Rende Xianci Xianxiao Huangdi 體 神 合 道 駿 烈 遜 功 聖 文 仁德 憲 慈顯孝 皇帝 |
| Temple name : | Huīzōng ( 徽宗 ) |
| Reign: | February 24, 1100 - January 18, 1126 |
| Era names : | Jiànzhōngjìngguó ( 建中 靖 國 ) 1101 |
Huizong ( Chinese 徽宗 , Pinyin Huīzōng , W.-G. Hui-tsung , * November 2, 1082 - † June 4, 1135 ) ruled China as the 8th emperor of the (Northern) Song Dynasty from February 24, 1100 to 18. January 1126.
Contrary to the strongly neo-Confucian character of his epoch, Huizong felt drawn to Daoism and at times fought against Buddhism . This also corresponded to a pronounced artistic basic attitude of his personality, which let him try his hand at poet, painter and calligrapher . His pictures of birds and flowers (e.g. two finches on bamboo branches , pigeons on a peach branch ) are particularly well known . His calligraphy style "Slim Gold" (瘦 金 shòujīn) represents a high point of Chinese calligraphy .
His foreign policy, however, was marked by fatal misjudgments: For example, he believed that he could win the Jurchen ( Jin dynasty ) , who were charging from the north, as allies against the Kitan ( Liao dynasty ). Instead, the former defeated the Kitan almost single-handedly, only to then turn directly against the Chinese Empire and take Kaifeng . The Song emperors had to flee south and move the capital to Hangzhou , creating the Southern Song Dynasty.
Huizong took personal responsibility for this and resigned in 1126 in favor of his son Qinzong . However, he and his successor and almost the entire court were captured by the Jurchen at the beginning of 1127 and died on June 4, 1135 in Manchuria.
It was not until 1142 that his son Gaozong (r. 1127–1162 in Hangzhou) had his body returned to China.
literature
- Patricia Buckley Ebrey: Emperor Huizong. Harvard University Press, 2014. ISBN 978-0-674-72525-6 ( Table of Contents )
- Dieter Kuhn : The Age of Confucian Rule. The Song Transformation of China. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (Mass.) 2009.
- Frederick W. Mote: Imperial China 900-1800. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (Mass.) 1999.
Web links
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Zhezong |
Emperor of China 1100–1126 |
Qinzong |
| Zhezong |
Emperor of the Song Dynasty 1100–1126 |
Qinzong |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Song Huizong |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | 徽宗 (Chinese) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | 8. Emperor of the Song Dynasty |
| DATE OF BIRTH | November 2, 1082 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Kaifeng |
| DATE OF DEATH | June 4, 1135 |