St. John's Chapel (Heilbronn)

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"[...] with the game between Lohtor and Brückentor, where the Franconian royal court is now suspected [...]"
"The old Johanniskapelle with tower and nave can be clearly recognized."

The St. Johannes Chapel was a Romanesque church in Heilbronn . It probably went back to the Franconian royal court and thus to the nucleus of the city of Heilbronn. The chapel was located in the west of Heilbronn's old town and existed until the 19th century. In their place there was an inn. After the transformation of Kaiserstraße into a thoroughfare in 1897, the Kleinlogel house was built there, which was replaced by a simple multi-storey commercial building after its destruction in World War II.

history

In the 14th century, Charles IV sold a farm with the Johanneskapelle to Walter Lutwin , Mayor of Heilbronn: purchase of the farm, do sant Johans capelle inligt and do lit ze Heilprun at the stat and stozzet an die mure ... and is called the von Mulenbronnen yard. The Mulenbronner (Maulbronner) Hof does not mean the Maulbronner Hof , but the Hirsauer Hof , which the Hirsau Monastery from Calwer had received and sold to the Maulbronn Monastery in 1324. Today it is commonly assumed that the court in question goes back to the Franconian royal court in Heilbronn and that the Johanneskapelle was the associated court chapel.

The question of the location of the royal court is significant for the location of the chapel, especially since the Deutschhof was also believed to be the successor to the royal court, although excavations in the 1950s did not reveal any structural remains. Emma Weingand b. In the same period, Schliz found foundations from the Romanesque period in the Kaiserstrasse, Gerberstrasse and Neckarstrasse , which suggest that the area was significantly developed in the High Middle Ages. In 1972 and 1973, respectively, Hans-Gert Oomen and the Heilbronn city archivist Helmut Schmolz unanimously identified the Johannes chapel as the chapel of the former royal court and located it between Kaiserstraße, Gerberstraße and Neckarstraße, and the chapel in it in the north of Johannesgasse.

It is documented for 1348 that the Johanneskapelle received benefices from a Wigmar . In 1363 the Johanneskapelle is again as ... back to the hospital thrusting ... mentioned. The hospital means the municipal Katharinenspital , which was built in the 14th century on the site of the former royal court. Next to the chapel was the churchyard named after her near St. Johann , which belonged to the hospital, was abandoned around 1480, but was briefly occupied again before the Reformation and was later built over.

A copper engraving by Heilbronn from the work Civitates Orbis terrarum from 1617 shows that there was another church at the Katharinenspital apart from the Katharinenspitalkirche. This is said to have been there until the 19th century.

In 1836 the Gasthaus zum Hirsch was located on the site of the chapel . After the conversion of Kaiserstraße to a thoroughfare, the Kleinlogel house was built in 1902 on the site of the former inn , which was destroyed in the Second World War and was then replaced by the functional building located today at Kaiserstraße 5.

Altarpiece

Predella, probably from the Johanneskapelle

In the historical museum of the city of Heilbronn, the predella of an altar that is said to have once stood in the Johanneskapelle has been preserved. The wooden board is 35 cm high and 179.5 cm wide. The motif shows the last supper . Christ and the disciples are depicted as half-figures sitting at the table and provided with disc-shaped golden nimbs . Gräf dates the panel, which was restored by Malek in 1964, to around 1470.

literature

  • Helmut Schmolz: Basic problems in the early history of Heilbronn . In: Yearbook for Swabian-Franconian History . tape 27 . Historischer Verein Heilbronn, 1973, ISSN  0175-9841 , p. 45 ff .
  • Schmolz / Weckbach: Heilbronn. History and Life of a City , page 100, No. 279, Last Supper, 2nd half of the 15th century
  • Hartmut Gräf: Unterländer Altars 1350–1540: an inventory (=  Heilbronner Museumhefte . Volume 9 ). City Museums Heilbronn, Heilbronn 1983, p. 139, no.B30 .

Web links

Commons : St. Johannes-Kapelle (Heilbronn)  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Schmolz 1973, labeling of illustration no. 31 on the back of the first folded A4 page in the book
  2. ↑ Schmolz 1973, labeling of illustration no. 30 on the back of the first folded A4 page in the book
  3. ↑ a b Christhard Schrenk , Hubert Weckbach , Susanne Schlösser: From Helibrunna to Heilbronn. A city history (=  publications of the archive of the city of Heilbronn . Volume  36 ). Theiss, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-8062-1333-X , p. 13 f .
  4. ↑ http://heuss.stadtarchiv-heilbronn.de/index.php?ID=54812
  5. ↑ a b Hans-Gert Oomen: The Carolingian royal court Heilbronn. A contribution to the history of the city from the beginning to the end of the 13th century (=  publications of the archive of the city of Heilbronn . Volume 18 ). Heilbronn City Archives, Heilbronn 1972, p. 95-97 .
  6. ↑ Schmolz 1973, p. 59
  7. ^ Julius Fekete , Simon Haag, Adelheid Hanke, Daniela Naumann: Stadtkreis Heilbronn . (= Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany , cultural monuments in Baden-Württemberg, Volume I.5.). Theiss, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1988-3 , pp. 93 .
  8. ^ Wilhelm Steinhilber: The health system in old Heilbronn (=  publications of the archive of the city of Heilbronn . Volume 5 ). Heilbronn City Archives, Heilbronn 1956, p. 242 .
  9. ^ Julius Fekete , Simon Haag, Adelheid Hanke, Daniela Naumann: Stadtkreis Heilbronn . (= Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany , cultural monuments in Baden-Württemberg, Volume I.5.). Theiss, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1988-3 , pp. 34 .
  10. ↑ Maximilian Müller: Guide to the city of Heilbronn. Heilbronn 1836, p. 30, p. 34.
  11. ↑ Schmolz / Weckbach give a width of 179.5 cm, Gräf speaks of 178 cm

Coordinates: 49 ° 8 '32.7 "  N , 9 ° 13' 0.4"  E