St. Mary's Church (Greifswald)
The Protestant St. Marien Church , also popularly known as Dicke Marie , is the oldest of the three large city churches in Greifswald . The Evangelical Church Community is the largest in the city with 3,100 members.
Building description and history
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The exact year of construction of St. Mary's Church cannot be determined; it is assumed that the construction of a basilica began after 1260 . In 1275 the building plans were changed and the building continued as a three-aisled hall church without a choir . In 1280 the construction was largely completed, but it can be assumed that work on the nave continued into the first half of the 14th century.
The St. Mary's Church is a 67 meter long brick building with a three-story tower covered by a mighty gable roof. The east gable was built as a straight wall. It shows a tight structure with slenderly proportioned pointed arches and slender pillars, a characteristic example of North German gable ornamentation. The basement of the tower, with walls up to four and a half meters thick, was completed at the beginning of the 14th century. Today it is covered by a vestibule. The middle storey is provided with pointed arches, and the indented top has sound holes. The top is a tent roof , which was only put on in 1780 in place of the pointed helmet that was damaged by the war in 1678. In the basement there is a medieval court hall, it is unique in Europe. A large pedal bike for lifting loads is also in the tower. In addition to the tower porch , the Marienkirche only has the Annenkapelle from the first half of the 14th century as an extension. It has a six-part vault with polygonal ribs. Inside, four pairs of pillars, which support the flat ribbed vaults, divide the 21 meter high room. The individual construction phases from east to west can be read on them. During the French occupation, the church lost most of its equipment . The medieval painting was restored between 1977 and 1984. The memorial chapel, also called the Passion Chapel, is the eastern one of the chapels next to the tower. The wall paintings in Secco technique show four scenes from the Passion of Christ: Jesus prays in Gethsemane, Jesus is tortured, the Way of the Cross and the crucifixion . The wall paintings, dated 1411, were renovated between 1983 and 1984.
Furnishing
- The most valuable inventory item is the pulpit from 1587, which was made by the Rostock cabinet maker Mekelenborg. It is richly decorated with wooden inlays depicting landscapes and people, including a picture of Luther.
- The late Gothic carved altar was probably made by a Swabian artist at the beginning of the 16th century and depicts the entombment of Christ. Another altar shows the birth of Christ according to Correggio , copied in 1806 by Friedrich August von Klinkowström .
- In the interior there are also numerous gravestones, including the memorial stone of the mayor and university founder Heinrich Rubenow from 1462. In addition to its figurative representation, an inscription reminds of his violent death.
- On the north wall of the church is the baroque display wall of a former burial chapel for Hofrat Franz Edler von Essen (* 1650; † 1714) and his wife. According to the inscription, the painting dates from 1723, the complex itself may be a bit older. The sculpture of secrecy belonging to the display wall was restored in 2013, the rest of the complex is still in need of restoration.
- In 1985 the painter Helmut Maletzke redesigned the memorial plaque for those who died in World War II into a memorial against the war. It is located in the tower hall. The plaque was made during the war in 1943 and, in accordance with the customs of the time, was given the name, rank and date of death of the fallen. The board was 340 × 190 cm in size and contained a text in the upper line that contained the words death for the leader and the fatherland . The plaque hung in this form next to the altar in the church until 1945. After the end of the Second World War, the words that were then criticized were deleted, they were seen as glorifying the war. Some time later, the plaque was removed from the church, causing displeasure among relatives. In 1984 the board was to be changed by an artistic painting so that instead of glorifying the war, it was to depict it with its cruel sides. The draft was made by Helmut Maletzke, the center of the picture is the crucified Christ, whose cross spans the entire picture surface. The board was painted over in such a way that fragments of the original writing were preserved. After examination by the state authorities of the Rostock district, the work was classified as not ideologically questionable and then proposed in 1987 at the Xth Art Exhibition of the GDR in Dresden, although a photo was only shown in a remote area.
- The names of those who died in both world wars are recorded in two books; the books are on display in the Passion Chapel.
organ
The Marienkirche must already have had an organ at the beginning of the 15th century , there are accounts according to which there was a large and a small organ at the time. The instrument that stood in front of the Mehmel organ in the church was built by Christian Welt from Grimmen in 1757. This organ had 24 sounding registers, two manuals and a pedal. It stood above the south portal on a gallery, which is now walled up because the Annenkapelle is located behind it. This organ was repaired several times and became so damaged that a new organ had to be purchased. Today's organ dates from 1866 and was built by the Stralsund organ builder Friedrich Albert Mehmel . It is Mehmel's largest surviving instrument. The organ is precisely matched to the room and has its typically rich sound even when the church is full. The instrument has mechanical slide drawers and a total of 37 registers , including 5 extensions ( pedal ). A company from Bad Liebenwerda carried out a general overhaul in several stages from 1988, which was completed in 1991 with the installation of the new prospect pipes. Extensive repairs due to wear and tear on many of the organ's original components took place from 2017 to 2018.
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- Coupling : II / I, III / II, I / P
Bells
Three bells hang in the tower of St. Mary's Church . The guard bell , cast by Johannes de Borch in 1569, cracked and was replaced in 1981 by a replica with a content and typographical copy of the old inscription. The large prayer bell has been restored and hung so that it can be rung again. The small bell is used to strike the clock .
|
No. |
Surname |
Casting year |
Caster |
Diameter (mm) |
Mass (kg) |
Chime |
Inscription (translation) |
| 1 | Prayer bell | 1418 | Johannes Karl | 1610 | 3000 | it 1 | ave regina celorvm mater / regis angelorum / o maria flos virginvm velvt rosa vel lilivm / fvnde preces ad filivm pro salvte fidelivm / o rex glorie veni cvm pace / anno dni mccccxviii (Greetings, Queen of Heaven, Mother of the King of Angels, o Mary, blossom of the virgins, like a rose or a lily, pour out the prayers before the Son for the salvation of the believers. O King of Honor, come in peace. In the year of the Lord 1418.) |
| 2 | Guardian bell (drinking bell) |
1981 | ges 1 | I am called De Wachter Klocke, Broders are well known to all, Kroger, whom you hear minen luth, So jach de Geste tom huse uth. 1569. (I am called the guardian bell, well known to all wet brothers. Kruger, if you hear my sound, chase the guests out of the house!) | |||
| I. | Little bell | 1614 | it 2 | Sit nomen domini benedictum Dinnies Droyse an. Dni 1614. (The name of the Lord be praised. Dinnies Droyse, in the year of the Lord 1614.) |
Individual evidence
- ↑ size of the community
- ↑ Building history
- ↑ Court Hall
- ↑ Tretrad ( Memento of the original dated May 7, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Memorial Chapel
- ↑ Michael Lissok: Modern painting copies of works by Old Masters in the churches of Western Pomerania, in: Reality and Ideal VIII, Greifswalder Romantic Conference, Anzeiger des Germanisches Nationalmuseums 1998.
- ^ Rubenov memorial stone
- ↑ Felix Schönrock, Detlef Witt: The secrecy - a virtue in Pomerania. On the return of the restored sculpture of the Essen tomb in Greifswald's Marienkirche. In: Pomerania. Journal of Culture and History. Issue 4/2013, ISSN 0032-4167 , pp. 13-17.
- ^ Helmut Maletzke, Works: 1985
- ↑ Memorial Chapel ( Memento of the original from May 7, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Mehmel organ: On the history - predecessor instruments
- ↑ To the organ
- ↑ Video recording of the praying bell (as of November 29, 2010)
- ↑ Video recording of the guard bell (as of November 29, 2010)
Web links
- Literature on St. Marien Church (Greifswald) in the state bibliography MV
- Parish of St. Marien
- The medieval court vestibule in the tower of St. Mary's Church in Greifswald, Monument of the Month August 2017 , State Office for Culture and Monument Preservation Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania , Elke Kuhnert
Coordinates: 54 ° 5 ′ 49 ″ N , 13 ° 23 ′ 2 ″ E