St. Georg to the Kaiserhof Hamburg

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The Hotel Kaiserhof, 1845

The Loge St. Georg zum Kaiserhof Hamburg is a Masonic Lodge founded in 1743 in Hamburg . She and her mother lodge, the "Absalom" lodge, the oldest lodge in Hamburg and Germany, joined forces in the course of the 18th century after the establishment of three other lodges in Hamburg to form the united five Hamburg lodges . The Great Lodge of Hamburg emerged from this association in 1811 . The initiator of this grand lodge formation was Friedrich Ludwig Schröder , the Masonic "reformer". Its main achievement is the creation of the "Hamburg ritual", today Schröder's type of teaching or "Schröder ritual". This ritual is a cultural peculiarity of German Freemasonry and is still practiced in a good thirty lodges in and outside Hamburg. Today the lodge “St. Georg zur greening spruce ", Hamburg, (name affix" greening spruce "since 1765), one of the 260 Masonic lodges of the Grand Lodge of the Old Free and Accepted Masons of Germany .

On the history of Freemasonry in Hamburg in the 18th century

The birthday of Freemasonry in England is June 24, 1717 ( St. John's Day ). Although there are no documents on the founding act, the union of four English lodges into one grand lodge, the Grand Lodge of England (GLvE, English: United Grand Lodge of England, UGLoE) , this date is not disputed. Since then, England has been known as the "motherland of modern Freemasonry". The English, regular Freemasonry refers in its customs, rituals and symbols to the medieval stone masonry brotherhoods .

In Hamburg the years 1733, 1737 and 1743 as well as two buildings where Freemasons met are significant. The buildings are: the wine bar Taverne d'Angleterre (owner: Jens Arbien) in the Bäckerstraße and the hotel-restaurant Kaiserhof am Ness (owner: François Guillaumot). The inn and later Hotel zum Kaisershof (sometimes just called Kaiserhof) was built in 1619 and stood on the Ness, opposite the (old) town hall. Its renaissance gable can still be seen today in the Museum of Arts and Crafts : the hotel was demolished in 1873, but the renaissance gable was rebuilt in the museum. This means that the “oldest box house in Germany”, the Kaisershof, is still in a Hamburg museum today.

1733, 1737 and 1743 are the founding years of the lodge. The founding of St. George in 1743 alone corresponds to Masonic founding customs: The lodge was founded by a (provincial) grand master, as the daughter lodge of a "perfect and just" mother lodge. Their naming follows the practice of the GLvE: name-meeting place-city-matriculation number.

The “Lodge St. George No. 196 ”was donated on September 24, 1743 by the Provincial Grand Master Luttmann (also: Lüttmann) to the English“ Provincial Grand Lodge of Hamburg and Lower Saxony ”. The provincial grand lodge, for its part, was entered in the GLvE register in 1740. St. Georg's full English name is "Lodge St. George Emperors Court Hamburgh No. 196 ”, literally translated as:“ Loge St. Georg zum Kaiserhof Hamburg ”. (The detailed description of the foundation follows below.)

The year the Imperial Court Lodge St. Georg was founded, 1743, was the third year of Frederick II's reign . In 1738, when he was still crown prince, he was accepted as a Freemason by a delegation from the so-called Loge d'Hambourg ("Lodge of Hamburg") in Braunschweig. The founding and early history of the “Loge d'Hambourg”, founded on December 6, 1737, the oldest documented German lodge, is closely interwoven with the history of the Imperial Court Lodge.

Prehistory of the establishment of the so-called Loge d'Hambourg

The founding of the so-called Loge d'Hambourg itself has another prehistory, which shows that Masonic activities took place in Hamburg as early as 1733 and probably before that: The constitution book of the “Grand Lodge of London and Westminster” shows that its grand master, the Earl of Strathmore , as early as 1733, “eleven good brothers were given the power to found a lodge in Hamburg”. The matriculation number 124 was entered, not a name. There is no documentary evidence of how this entry came about. Taking into account the mail delivery times at the time or the duration of trips between Hamburg and London, however, it can be concluded that Freemasons were “working” in Hamburg even before 1733. However, there is a lack of information on what the "eleven good brothers" were called and what became of them - there do not seem to be any documents for the establishment of a lodge. Friedrich Ludwig Schröder comments on this event in his materials on the history of Freemasonry :

“ A strange procedure! Why was not one of you [of the 11], in the usual way, constituted as Grand Master Provincial! There is no trace of these eleven brothers. If one of them had become a member of the lodge that was established four years later [1737], he would certainly have mentioned the old connection with London. "

In the edition of Lenning from 1824 you can read about this:

“ In 1733 the first lodge was founded here [in Hamburg] after receiving approval from the Grand Master of the Great Lodge of the modern Masons in England, Jakob Lyon, Count of Strathmore, which is even considered to be the first in Germany. "

It is speculative whether this resulted in the “Imperial Court Lodge”.

1737 in Hamburg - First documented establishment of a lodge in Germany

Charles Sarry, whose nationality is not known, is referred to as the "father of German Freemasonry": "In Hamburg he appeared as a young, foreign officer, adroit in elegant manners and exclusively using the French language." When and where he became a Freemason is unclear - it is also unclear when his friends (von Oberg, Peter Carpser , Stüven) from the "d'Angleterre" became Freemasons. They were joined by the merchant Johann Daniel Krafft, a man who had traveled widely to England and France. He has been a member of the “Loge à la Ville Tonnerre” in Paris since 1736. These five men founded the first lodge in Hamburg. This “foundation” was the amalgamation of the founders to a community (“société”) of already accepted Freemasons. So there was no ritual "introduction of light" for the establishment of a grand lodge or a solemn spin-off of a daughter lodge from an existing mother lodge. The name of the community recorded in the founding protocol is: "Société des acceptés macons libres de la Ville de Hamburg". Elsewhere in the protocol, a “Ste. Loge du St. Jean ”(Holy Lodge of St. John).

Krafft took over the office of “First Overseer” on December 6th, 1737. The working language and writing of the Lodge was exclusively French, thanks to Sarry the ritual must also have been French. Baron von Oberg was elected the first “ Master of the Chair ”, in office after December 23, 1737, the day when Sarry first led a survey to the master's degree.

Von Oberg became known in particular because he accepted the Prussian Crown Prince Friedrich (after he and von Oberg had traveled to a meeting point in Braunschweig) as a Freemason "on August 14, 1738, after midnight" together with two other lodge members. The recording had been prepared undercover for fear of Friedrich's father , Friedrich was referred to as "Illustrious Inconnu". Because of the settlement of the travel expenses Hamburg-Braunschweig and back (amount in dispute: "438 Mark Courant "), von Oberg got into trouble with some of his lodge brothers, which is why he resentfully left the lodge "forever".

This event cleared the way for a (according to Kneissner "energetic, prudent") new master of the chair, Luttmann. According to tradition, he had become a Freemason in England, “he was used to English customs.” Luttmann remained chair master until 1742; from March 26, 1739, he renounced the French language for temple work .

On the occasion of a trip to England on October 30, 1740, he was promoted to Provincial Grand Master of Hamburg and Lower Saxony and at the same time his lodge was entered in the register of the "Great Lodge of London" under no. 108, with the "sign and name of a grape" - but not under the name "Loge d'Hambourg". The lodge was used as the mother lodge in the three degrees of St. John 's - the Provincial Grand Master was able to found further lodges, daughter lodges, from it. The box name from 1740, Bunch of Grapes, was still known until 1887, 150 years of Absalom, but was then forgotten.

To clarify the alleged founding name "Loge von Hamburg": The French founding protocol speaks of a "Loge à Hambourg" ("... ayant formé et etablie une Loge à Hambourg ..."), but not of a "Loge d'Hambourg". Nowadays, the prevailing opinion seems to be that the first lodge in Hamburg was founded as the “Lodge of Hamburg”, but this is unproven. Lenning also expressly writes: "The lodge had no special name" and probably refers to Schröder, who writes the same word for word. The French wording of the first three pages of the founding protocol, which is still owned by the Absalom Lodge, can be found via the web link “French Absalom Founding Protocol”. The name “Loge d'Hambourg” appears for the first time two months after it was founded. The lodge protocol of February 3, 1738 describes: "The lodge of Hamburg gathered under its very venerable Master von Oberg" Why the lodge brothers named the founding name "St. Lodge of St. John ”changed, is not recorded.

The use of the name “Loge d'Hambourg” from 1738 is not noted in the International Freemasons Lexicon (2006), under Lemma Germany, p. 217. There you can read, however: Luttmann had it entered "a box without authorization from a grand lodge" on October 23, 1740 in the register of the London grand lodge, where it appears ... with the name "Bunch of Grapes, Becker Street Hamburg" . With this registration and naming after the restaurant, the “Wein-Lokal d'Angleterre” in the Bäckerstraße, the naming corresponded to the customs of the GLvE. It was common to give a lodge the name of their meeting place, pure lodge houses were still the exception at the time. Further in the Freemason lexicon: "The Hamburg lodge is called for the first time in 1743 with a distinctive name" Absalom ", a designation that became necessary because a second lodge was about to be founded in Hamburg" - the regularization of the "Kaiserhofloge". Kneissner, who immediately evaluated the logs of the lodge, describes it as follows: "According to the record of July 26, 1743, the lodge is referred to for the first time as the Very Venerable Ordinary Lodge Absalom ... The number of those present ranged between twelve and twenty-four brothers." Why the name “Bunch of Grapes, Grape Bundle”, registered with the GLvE since 1740, has not been used, can only be explained speculatively.

Urged the Kaiserhof Lodge to regularize

There are no sources (in the Hamburg State Archive) on developments in the Kaiserhof before 1743. Friedrich Mossdorf reported under the pseudonym "Lenning" in one of his "encyclopedia The Freemasonry" that in the imperial court at that time already a Winkelloge worked, an association without the usual governing body. The brothers who are not yet working regularly there could be of the opinion, as documented by oral tradition, that the imperial court had been the cradle of Freemasonry in Hamburg for ten years. Now, thanks to their master Luttmann, only the Absalom members had received the registration of the English grand lodge. This was also what the Kaiserhof members wanted and had a “grand master” as master of the chair, who probably saw himself on eye level with Luttmann: the colonel from the east. On August 5, 1743, he presented himself to the Absalom Lodge as the "appointed Grand Master of the Lodge at the Imperial Court" and "asked to be united with the older Lodge." Luttmann happened to be absent, from the east the responsibility of the Provincial Grand Master was pointed out and held out. Two days later the Absalom Lodge met again and Luttmann declared that von Osten had “not listed himself as a right brother Freemason”. The imperial court brothers then dropped him and elected their host and hotelier, François Guillaumot, who barely spoke German, as the new master from the chair. He asked in writing on August 11, 1743 for a "constitutional patent" . Kneissner concludes from this: The unrecognized lodge worked in French, otherwise Guillaumot would not have been able to become master of the chair. Kneissner continues: Luttmann recognized the weak point of the lodge seeking recognition, "this consisted of the lack of spiritual strength."

As the head of the entire Hamburg Freemasonry, Luttmann also recognized the damage to be feared if the urging of the irregular "was not channeled in the way the Absalom Lodge was used to [not least because of him and his roots in English Freemasonry]". With the consent of Guillaumot, he enforced that the Masonic status of the lodge brothers gathered at the imperial court had to be acquired again by repeating their admission to the Absalom lodge. He was ready to release energetic Absalom brothers as second members. These included B. Johann Daniel Kraft, one of the five co-founders of the first lodge in Hamburg and meanwhile also treasurer of the provincial grand lodge, as well as Pierre Molinié, 2nd overseer at Absalom. On August 30th, Guillaumot and on September 16, another four members of the unrecognized imperial court lodge at Absalom were accepted again as apprentices and journeymen. With that they were regularized in today's parlance .

1743 in Hamburg - Luttmann founds the St. Georg lodge - The Absalom lodge, mother lodge of St. Georg

The George Cross

On September 24th, 50 days after the failed appearance of the Colonel von Osten, the ceremonial installation of the new lodge was completed. Grand Master Luttmann and the members of the Provincial Lodge gathered in the d'Angleterre and moved to the nearby Imperial Court . Br. Luttmann, as Provincial Grand Master of Hamburg and Lower Saxony, set up "his" first daughter lodge. It was entered in the register of the Grand Lodge of England as "Lodge St. George Emperor's Court Hamburgh No. 196" . On the day it was founded, it had 20 members who were between 20 and 30 years old. At Luttmann's request, Pierre Molinié became the first master of the chair. The occupations and status of the 16 brothers who came from Absalom gave Luttmann the guarantee that sufficient “spiritual powers” ​​were represented. All other members who had not previously been admitted to Absalom or who did not want to do so did not belong to the newly constituted St. George Lodge at the Imperial Court , there are no reports about them. There are also no written documents regarding the naming of St. George . Because the construction of a new church in the St. Georg district began in the same year and because the lodge is said to have had a hammer and a trowel that were used in the church construction work, one can speculate on a corresponding connection. Based on Luttmann's dominance in the entire founding process (according to Kneissner he was the "head of the entire Hamburg masonry") it seems more likely that he, England friend and English provincial grandmaster of Hamburg and Lower Saxony, with the name "Georg" the house of Hanover and King George II (1727–1760) wanted to pay homage.

Development up to strict observance

In the founding year 1743, 16 new members (seekers) were accepted, including the colonel from the east. In 1744, the first master of the chair, Molinié, was succeeded by another Absalom brother: Pierre Texier. In his first year of office 27 new brothers were accepted, in the second 25 new brothers. Then another Absalom brother, Johann Bielfeldt, was elected chair master, he had been the first overseer at Absalom. Bielfeldt remained in office until 1764. The style and influence of the Absalom mother lodge thus lived on for over 20 years since the establishment of the St. Georg subsidiary lodge. The number of recordings decreased continuously until 1750 (one record in 1749; two recordings in 1750). From 1752 to 1757 the lodge completely stopped work for five years. At the instigation of the Provincial Grand Master Luttmann, another twelve brothers moved from Absalom to St. Georg, but the “structural” personnel problems could not be solved. Appel said: “While the brothers of the Absalom Lodge had their residence in Hamburg and thus a good presence at the lodge events was guaranteed, the membership of the second Hamburg Lodge consisted mainly of gentlemen and officers who only roamed Hamburg in passing [Quartier : Probably the Hotel Kaiserhof], but then moved on again ”, and further:“ Typically a list from 1760, when St. Georg had 117 members. Of these, 38 were noble cavaliers, 3 counts, 9 barons, 31 gentlemen with the status “von”, 6 officers, 12 scholars with academic training and 18 merchants. ”In 1760, Luttmann gave up his post as provincial grandmaster after 20 years. His successor was Gottfried Jacob Jänisch , who was chairmaster of Absalom from 1750 to 1759, with one interruption.

By 1765 the membership of both lodges had fallen sharply, Absalom still had 24 brothers, St. George still 20.

1765 to 1782 - strict observance

During the time of the Strict Observance , the "Legate and Commissar" Schubart called a meeting on January 30, 1765 to dissolve the previous Freemasonry. The Provincial Grand Master Gottfried Jacob Jänisch resigned and abolished all lodges that had previously been founded, whereupon Inspector Schubart rebuilt the "Mother Lodge Absalom to the Three Nesseln" and the "Daughter Lodge St. George to the greening spruce" . The “house commander”, as the two “ masters of the chair ” were called from now on, were from Exter (Absalom) and Lossau (St. Georg). This act led to the deletion of the boxes in the list of boxes of the Grand Lodge of England.

The additions to the names of the two lodges, “to the three nettles” and “to the greening spruce”, are derived from the (knightly) names of the provincial grand master (Jaenisch) and the chair master of Absalom (von Exter), which they use for the purposes of the strict Observance had been assigned by the chapter of Clermont (founded 1756) : Jaenisch was "Eques ab Urtica" (knight of the nettle), from Exter was "Eques a Pino Virente" (knight of the green spruce). With the deletion in the GLvE lodge directory, the suffix “zum Kaiserhof, Hamburg” disappeared for St. Georg. He didn't come back. The ironic rating “Ritterspiele”, with feather hat and sword, for the ritual work of Strict Observance, is attributed to FL Schröder.

The strict observance initially led to resistance from the chair masters at St. Georg (and Absalom): the first chair master after the “name change” was Lossau. He opposed the "religious superiors" and put down the hammer after two years. Until 1773 St. Georg remained passive to the greening spruce. A similar development is recorded in Absalom: Around 1769 the “lodge was closed because the superiors of the order refused the requested information. She remained in this inactivity until 1773 ”. In 1773 new chair masters at Absalom and St. Georg resumed lodge work. Forty brothers were randomly divided between the two boxes. From May 8th 1773 it is reported that the work took place in the "Eimbeckschen Haus", from where one then "went to the imperial court to hold the table together".

In the “princely phase” of the Strict Observance, the personal commitment of the “protectors”, Duke Ferdinand von Braunschweig and Prince Carl von Hessen, helped attract the Hamburg lodges - and the establishment of two further (humanitarian) lodges: in 1774, “Emanuel zur Maienblume” and Founded in 1776 “Ferdinande Caroline” (after the protectors Ferdinand von Braunschweig and Carl von Hessen). The number of members in 1775, especially compared to 1765, increased: Absalom 66, St. Georg 70, Emanuel 31. In 1776, the year of the foundation of the 4th Lodge in Hamburg, Absalom had 61 members, St. Georg 73, Emanuel 41, Ferdinande Caroline 19, together 194. The highest total number of members was reached in 1778 with 237 lodge brothers - this number was not exceeded again until 1801 (248).

During the Strict Observance, the influx of Freemasonry in Hamburg also led to the establishment of four (Christian) lodges: 1770 "To the three roses" and "To the golden ball", 1771 "To the pelican" (Altona), 1774 "To the red eagle" . The first German (Christian) grand lodge " To the three world balls (3WK) ", founder: Friedrich II., Had already joined the Strict Observance in 1767. In 1778 they withdrew unofficially, then officially on November 10, 1783 from the Strict Observance. The Strict Observance formally ended in 1782. On June 19, 1783, von Exter, who was then Chief Master of the Old Scottish Lodge and belonging to the 3WK, ordered a reorganization of the lodge system in Hamburg. The result was that "Absalom should be merged with Emanuel, and St. George with Ferdinande Caroline." This forced union lasted until 1786, when the connection to the Grand Lodge of England was sought and found again. Each lodge became independent again. In 1787 the "Ferdinand zum Felsen" lodge was founded. Its specialty: it also took in Jews, which was still unusual in Germany at that time. She was “fiercely hostile to von Exter, now Provincial Grand Master, partly because she accepted Jews. It was not until 1799 that Ferdinand zum Felsen joined the four united lodges and moved into the newly built [second] lodge house in 1801 (as the fifth lodge).

At the time of the forced unification, the first joint lodge house on the Große Drehbahn was moved into on May 19, 1785 by the united four lodges, after having previously worked in the private house of a lodge brother.

From when the “Kaisershof” or the “Taverne d'Angleterre” no longer housed the St. Georg or Absalom boxes cannot be determined.

After the Strict Observance - French Revolution - Schroeder Reformer - Great Lodge of Hamburg

In 1789 Georg Heinrich Sieveking became chair master of St. Georg. Under the influence of the French Revolution, he also tried to set new standards for Hamburg. This already began with his election as chair master: He agreed to become chair master only if at least 75% of the lodge members agreed to him by ball . He had previously explained his basic ideas that were influenced by the revolution. He received twelve white and two black balls. Sieveking came from a highly respected Hamburg family and was a member of the elite “Monday Society”, which only had twelve members, including Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock . As early as 1786, together with Canon Lorenz Meyer, he had created a “savings and advance payment fund for factory workers and craftsmen” based on the Swiss and English models. In the exuberance of joy at the end of the absolutist forms of rule of the nobility and clergy, as a young chairman he proposed to abandon the Masonic ritual and in its place "to set discussions about freedom and equality so that reason can be enthroned". He went so far as to explain the "hieroglyphs and symbols" used, the customs and the oath "for antics".

St. Georg, the dragon slayer by Ernst Gottfried Vivié , in the Hamburg district of St. Georg

This aroused doubts and generated massive resistance from Friedrich Ludwig Schröder , then chairman of the "Emanuel" lodge. Schröder gave Sieveking several speeches in which other brothers also took part. Schröder emphasized the value of the symbols, they "made up the material from which the big brother chain would be forged". Schröder prevailed, Sieveking put down the hammer of the master from the chair of St. Georg on April 10, 1790. Since the "Old Scottish Lodge" with its Obermeister v. Exter continued to pursue the goal of reviving the rituals of the Knights Templar, Schröder saw his time had come. It was his endeavor, at least in Hamburg, to bring the rituals back to their original, sober measure and to push back both iconoclasm and knight rituals. Schröder “reinstated the English constitution book with its denial of any religious ecclesiastical restriction” Johann Gottfried von Herder praises the simplicity of Schröder's ritual : “With what a beautiful way we can, faithful to the ritual, distance ourselves from all metaphysical-allegorical interpretations hold."

Schröder became Grand Master of the Great Lodge of Hamburg in 1814 . It was founded in 1811 on Schröder's initiative in order to evade strong French influence: Hamburg had been occupied since 1806, and Hamburg was under French rule . The French influence resulted in breaking the ties between the Hamburg lodges and the Grand Lodge of England and extending the effect of the French Grand Lodge, the Grand Orient de France , to Hamburg. The intention was to found a “Grande Loge Provincale Hanseatique”. By founding the “Great Lodge of Hamburg”, the Hamburg Freemasons preserved their independence. When it was founded, the Great Lodge of Hamburg consisted of five lodges: Absalom (founded in 1737), St. Georg (1743), Emanuel (1774), Ferdinande Caroline (1776) and Ferdinand zum Felsen (1787).

All five lodges, the "United five Hamburg lodges" (Masonic for short: "The V5"), still work in the Schröder ritual ( Schröder type of teaching ) and are jointly owners of the lodge house at Welckerstraße 8.

St. George today

St. Georg zur greening spruce in Hamburg is one of the 260 Masonic lodges of the Grand Lodge of the Old Free and Accepted Masons of Germany , (GL AFAM, Berlin), the largest German lodge with the largest number of members. It is one of the 19 Hamburg AFAM lodges that work in four lodge houses and form the Hamburg district. The St. Georg lodge is a founding member of the United five Hamburg lodges , it has a good 30 members, as of 2011. Its homepage reports on the lodge's activities.

On the architecture of the imperial court

The renaissance facade of the Kaisershof / Kaiserhof, around 1790

The Kaisershof was built in 1619 as a bourgeois palace, the facade on the narrow side (approx. 9.50 m) shows the pure Renaissance style with numerous stone carving work. The long side (approx. 35 m) faces the (old) town hall.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Frm-Lexikon2006, p. 375, Lemma Hamburg: "Hamburg can claim the fame of having housed the first German Masonic lodge."
  2. ^ Rolf Appel: 200 Years of the United Five Hamburg Lodge – Since 1811 Large Lodge of Hamburg . Hamburg / Barsbüttel 2000
  3. ↑ The "United five Hamburg lodges" are briefly called "The V5" among Freemasons
  4. ↑ Susanne B. Keller (ed.): Royal Art - Freemasonry in Hamburg since 1737 , Hamburg 2009, p. 17.ff
  5. ^ Keller, p. 12 ff; P. 66 ff
  6. ↑ a b Lennhoff, Posner, Binder: Internationales Freemaurerlexikon , 5th revised and updated edition, Munich 2006, 975 p., Lemma 'just and perfect', p. 341
  7. ↑ The registration numbers of St. George at the Grand Lodge of England (GLvE) have a varied history. According to an email message from the GLvE on November 26, 2009, author: Diane Clemens, transmitted by the Freemason Museum Bayreuth, the registration developed as follows:
    1743, Sep. 24: Patent / Matr.No. 196
    1755: Matriculation numbers were "reassigned" to fill in missing numbers. St. Georg receives the No. 128.
    1769: St. George is deleted from the GLvE register. (Result of strict observance; "greening spruce" since 1765)
    1786: reactivation of the lodge, new patent with mat. 507
    1792: Renewed reassignment of numbers, St. Georg receives No. 416
    1811: The "Great Lodge of Hamburg" becomes independent of the GLvE. St. Georg, Lodge No. 416, remains registered in England until 1813.
  8. ^ Rolf Appel: The Kaiserhof Lodge . Hamburg / Barsbüttel 1993 (250 years of St. Georg)
  9. ↑ a b Lenning (pseudonym): General Handbook of Freemasonry. Third edition of Lenning's Encyclopedia of Freemasonry , Association of German Freemasons, Leipzig , completely revised and brought in line with the new scientific research . Max Hesse's Verlag, 1900. 1. Volume, pp. 406ff
  10. ↑ Frm-Lexikon2006, Lemma Konstitutionen, p. 475. The constitution book, Book of Constitutions, contains laws, regulations, ordinances of the GLvE as well as a list of the registered lodges
  11. ↑ Appel, p. 9
  12. ^ Friedrich Ludwig Schröder: Materials on the history of freemasonry . Hamburg 1806, 247 pp., 36
  13. ↑ Encyclopedia of Freemasonry . Vol. 2, 1824, Lemma Hamburg , scanned at Google
  14. ^ Friedrich Kneissner: The history of the Loge Absalom , Hamburg 1927, (Verlag Otto Meissner, 190 years Absalom), p. 7 ff.
  15. ↑ Frm-Lexikon2006, p. 514: The introduction of light into a box is the solemn foundation festival, during which the three great lights are laid down on the altar and unveiled and the three small lights are lit for the first time
  16. ^ Kneissner, p. 23. Baron von Oberg then entered the service of the Prussian Crown Prince. He installed a first box for Friedrich in Rheinsberg and became its master of the chair. This is how Freemasonry practiced came from Hamburg to Prussia
  17. ↑ Kneissner, p. 11
  18. ↑ a b c Lenning, p. 406
  19. ^ John Lane: Masonic Records 1717-1885. Lists of all the Lodges with their Dates of Constitution etc. , London 1895 (holdings of the German Freemasons Museum, Bayreuth)
  20. ↑ Bebber, Jv: Historical Review 1737-1885, in: Fixed report of Jubilee Lodge Absalom to 150 years of the Foundation's celebration of the Lodge Absalom . Hamburg 1887, p. 18 ff.
    Hof-Buchdruckerei Rademacher. In the holdings of the Hamburg District Library
  21. ↑ Schröder, p. 36
  22. ^ French founding protocol on the website of the Lodge St. Georg
  23. ↑ Facsimile of the protocol of February 3, 1738, source: Freemason Wiki
  24. ↑ Kneissner, p. 20
  25. ↑ In the State Archives there are around 50 running meters of shelving on the subjects of "Great Lodge of Hamburg" and "V5 Lodge" archived and cataloged. Access to the archives is possible with the consent of the “United five Hamburg Lodge”, Welckerstraße 8, 20354 Hamburg
  26. ↑ a b Kneissner, p. 21
  27. ↑ Kneissner, pp. 21-22
  28. ↑ The membership numbers of all later V5 lodges from the 18th century can be found in a detailed appendix to Kneisner
  29. ↑ Kneissner, pp. 22-23
  30. ↑ Frm-Lexikon2006, Lemma Suchender, p. 817: A "seeker" is a candidate for acceptance in Masonic usage. He must be "a free man of good repute".
  31. ↑ Appel, p. 12
  32. ↑ a b Appel, p. 13
  33. ↑ Kneissner, Appendix, p. 173
  34. ↑ Appel, V5, p. 21
  35. ↑ Kneissner, p. 172
  36. ↑ Appel, p. 14
  37. ↑ Appel, p. 16
  38. ↑ See itemization [6]
  39. ↑ Bebber, p. 19
  40. ↑ Appel, p. 17 ff.
  41. ↑ Appel, p. 18.
  42. ↑ Frm-Lexikon2006, Lemma Schröder, S. 759 et seq.
  43. ↑ Frm-Lexikon2006, Lemma Schröder, S. 760th
  44. ↑ Appel, V5, p. 37
  45. ^ Wilhelm Melhop: Alt-Hamburgische Bauweise , Hamburg 1925, 386 S., S. 52ff
  46. ^ Udo Pini : A guest in old Hamburg . Munich 1987 (Hugendubel-Verlag), 272 S., S. 104

literature

  • Rolf Appel: The Kaiserhof Lodge . Print shop Ruhe, Barsbüttel / Hamburg 1993 (250 years of St. Georg), 48 p. (Quoted: Apple)
  • Rolf Appel: 200 years of the United Five Hamburg Lodge ‑ Since 1811 the Great Lodge of Hamburg . Hamburg / Barsbüttel 2000, ISBN 3-00-004644-5 , (quoted: Appel, V5)
  • J. v. Bebber: Historical review 1737–1885 , in: Festive report of the Jubilee Lodge Absalom on the 150th anniversary celebration of the Lodge Absalom . Hof-Buchdruckerei Rademacher, Hamburg 1887. (Holdings: (Freemason) District Library Hamburg)
  • Susanne B. Keller (Ed.): Royal Art ‑ Freemasonry in Hamburg since 1737 , Hamburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-937904-81-8
  • Friedrich Kneissner: The history of the Lodge Absalom , Verlag Otto Meissner, Hamburg 1927, (190 years Absalom), (quote: Kneissner)
  • John Lane: Masonic Records 1717-1885. Lists of all the Lodges with their Dates of Constitution etc. , London 1895 (holdings: German Freemasons Museum, Bayreuth)
  • Lennhoff, Posner, Binder: Internationales Freemaurerlexikon , 5th revised and updated edition, Munich 2006, 975 p., ISBN 978-3-7766-5007-5 (quoted: Frm-Lexikon2006)
  • Lenning (pseudonym, author: Friedrich Mossdorf): General handbook of freemasonry. Third edition of Lenning's Encyclopedia of Freemasonry , Association of German Freemasons, Leipzig , completely revised and brought in line with the new scientific research . Max Hesse's Verlag, 1900. Volume 1, (quote: Lenning)
  • Wilhelm Melhop: Alt-Hamburgische Bauweise , Hamburg 1925, 386 p. (Holdings: Museum for Hamburg History)
  • Udo Pini: A guest in old Hamburg . Hugendubel-Verlag, Munich 1987, 272 pages (holdings: Museum of Hamburg History)
  • Friedrich Ludwig Schröder: Materials on the History of Freemasonry, Part 1 . Hamburg 1806, 247 pages, (holdings: Hamburg State Archives). GoogleBook: digitized Bayr. State Library

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