Peter Carpser

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Peter Carpser, copper engraving by Johann Martin Bernigeroth (1760) after a portrait by Theodor Friedrich Stein

Peter Carpser (also Pierre Carpser , * 1696 or 1699 in Hamburg ; † July 8, 1759 ibid) was a German surgeon , freemason and co-founder of the oldest documented German Masonic lodge in Hamburg in 1737 .

Life

Peter Carpser was the son of a Hamburg surgeon and barber . He attended school in Hamburg, learned surgery as a guild and then attended a university in France for further training. Apparently without having attempted a doctorate, he joined the surgeon corporation in Hamburg in 1729, worked as a simple surgeon and subsequently, through successful treatments and operations, earned a reputation far beyond Hamburg's borders as the most important of all Hamburg doctors at the time and as one of the best practical surgeons of his age.

On December 6, 1737, Peter Carpser was together with the later royal Prussian court advisor and mint master Charles Sarry (1716–1766), the Baron Georg Wilhelm Ludwig von Oberg (1711–1762), the later Brunswick Legation Councilor Peter Stüven (1710 – after February 1769) ) and the merchant Johann Daniel Krafft in the tavern d`Angleterre of the wine owner Jens Arbien (1708 – after 1747) from Christiania in Norway in the Große Bäckerstraße. Co-founder of the oldest German Masonic Lodge, the Lodge à Hambourg , which was initially founded as Johannisloge without a clear lodge name Société des Acceptés Macons Libres de la Ville d'Hambourg , 1743 named Absolom and today's Hamburg Masonic Lodge Absalom to the three nettles . The working language and writing of the lodge in the years of its founding was exclusively French.

On February 20, 1738, on the occasion of an extraordinary box on the tree house built by the Hamburg master builder Hans Hamelau as the successor to Georg Wilhelm Ludwig von Oberg for the months of March, April and May 1738, he was elected master of the chair , but had to do so on March 8 Resign from office in 1838 after massive pressure from the City Council of Hamburg. As a city ​​doctor in the service of the free imperial city of Hamburg, it was not acceptable for the authority that one of its employees was not only a member of an uncontrollable association , but also its chairman. Furthermore, on March 7, 1738, the city council issued a prohibition order against the Freemason Society and prohibited all activities and further recordings. Against this background, Georg Wilhelm Ludwig von Oberg took over the hammer again and from that time on the members initially only met in their private apartments.

Through the mediation of Albrecht Wolfgang zu Schaumburg-Lippe and the lodge member Friedrich Christian von Albedyll (1699–1769), with the further participation of Georg Ludwig von Kielmansegg, on the night of August 14th to 15th, 1738 , the Kornschen Inn, named for camouflage Zum Schloss Salzdahlum in the Breite Strasse in Braunschweig the Crown Prince of Prussia, previously referred to as "Illustre Inconnu", and later Friedrich II. or Frederick the Great in the presence of the delegation members Baron von Oberg, Jakob Friedrich Bielfeld and Fabian Löwen under membership number 31 as a Freemason in the Hamburg Lodge added. Crown Prince Friedrich received the first (apprentice), second (journeyman) and third (master) degree that night. At the request of the Crown Prince, his companion, the then captain and later Prussian Lieutenant General Leopold Alexander von Wartensleben, was also accepted into the Freemasons' league immediately after him.

After differences with various members of the lodge about the manner of settling the travel expenses incurred during admission (amount in dispute: "438 Mark Courant "), Peter Carpser, Georg Wilhelm Ludwig von Oberg, Jakob Friedrich Bielfeld and Peter Stüven left the lodge and stayed However, this continued to be connected and later mediated between Georg Wilhelm Ludwig von Oberg and the new master of the chair Matthias Albert Luttman (1711–1762), under whose leadership the German language was introduced as the language of the lodge. In 1744 he was together with Georg Wilhelm Ludwig von Oberg and Jens Arbien through Count Woldemar von Schmettau Schottenmeister and then the overseer of the first Hamburg Schottenloge.

Numerous local and foreign artists and intellectuals frequented his weekly societies in his house on Düsternstrasse. He composed drinking songs, the two songs True Friendship do not have to waver and Give Yourselves a Dear Brothers, set to music by the musician Conrad Friedrich Hurlebusch , who was living in Hamburg at the time , published by Johann Friedrich Graefe in 1741 and 1743 and furthermore in 1800 by Johann Joachim Eschenburg was included in the fourth volume when Friedrich von Hagedorn's poetic works were published.

On November 3, 1756, Peter Carpser was registered under registration no. 615 elected member of the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina with the academic surname Albucases II . His nickname was probably a reminiscence of the Andalusian doctor and scientist of Arab origin Abulcasis .

Friedrich von Hagedorn , a close friend of his, composed the epiphany while he was still alive

On the Cheselden of the Germans :

“Long live Carpser! he adorns our times.

Wish physicians his art, and kings his heart!

The sight itself is refreshing, melancholy inhibits his joke,

And he forgets nothing but his kindness. "

- Hawthorn

He had been married to Antoinette, nee Suck, since 1734, who died after three years of marriage. Their son Peter Carpser (1735–1758) was a medical student and died after his wounds in the Battle of Roßbach on January 2, 1758 at the age of 22 in Leipzig, with Johann August Unzer collecting a collection on the occasion of his death in connection with his father published by Epicedien .

Peter Carpser, engraving by Ignace Fougeron
Portrait of Peter Carpser with a line of text by Hagedorn: Do doctors wish his art, and kings his heart.

The British engraver Ignace Fougeron made an engraving by Peter Carpser ( J. Fougeron Sculpsit ), for which there are different frames and captions.

Another copper engraving comes from the Leipzig copperplate engraver Johann Martin Bernigeroth , who, after a decision by the lodge that his portrait should be engraved in copper and a medal in memory of Peter Carpser , created a portrait of Peter Carpser by the portrait painter Theodor Friedrich Stein in 1760 converted into an engraving.

Proof of the existence of a commemorative coin or medal has not yet been provided. Occasionally, however, the occurrence of a medallion in plaster is mentioned in the literature.

In 1952 the Carpserweg in Hamburg-Ohlsdorf was named in honor of Peter Carpser.

Of his correspondence, a letter dated November 25, 1749 to Christian Ludwig von Hagedorn and a copy of a letter dated August 9, 1751 to Christoph Jacob Trew made by Johann Lorenz Ludwig Loelius on September 6, 1751 have survived.

literature

  • Otto Beneke :  Carpser, Peter . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 4, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1876, p. 9 f.
  • Karlheinz Gerlach: The Freemasons in old Prussia 1738–1806: The lodges in Berlin . Studienverlag Innsbruck 2014, ISBN 978-3-7065-5199-1
  • Leif Endre Grutle: Jens Arbien – Norges første frimurer. In: Acta Masonica Scandinavica, 15, 2012, pp. 202-245
  • August Hirsch : Biographical lexicon of the outstanding doctors of all times and peoples . First volume, Urban & Schwarzenberg, Vienna and Leipzig 1884, p. 669 (archive.org)
  • Katharina Hottmann: »Up! starts a free joke song «. Secular song culture in the Hamburg of the Enlightenment . Metzler and Bärenreiter, Stuttgart 2017
  • Harry P. Krüger: Peter Carpser (1699-1759) . To the home country. Journal for natural and regional studies of Schleswig-Holstein and Hamburg, 87, 5, 1980, pp. 127–129
  • Marion Mücke and Thomas Schnalke : Briefnetz Leopoldina: The correspondence of the German Academy of Natural Scientists around 1750. Walter de Gruyter, 2009, p. 613
  • Johann Daniel Ferdinand Neigebaur : History of the imperial Leopoldino-Carolinische German academy of natural scientists during the second century of its existence. Friedrich Frommann, Jena 1860, p. 223 (archive.org)
  • Association of German Freemasons (Hrsg.): General manual of Freemasonry. Third edition of Lenning's Encyclopedia of Freemasonry, completely revised and brought in line with new scientific research. First volume A – I, Max Hesse's Verlag, Leipzig 1900, p. 150 ( digitized version )
  • Carl Wiebe: The Great Lodge of Hamburg and its predecessors. According to the sources of the archive of the Great Lodge, the United 5 Lodges and the historical association . Rademacher, Hamburg 1905 ( digitized version )

Web links

Commons : Peter Carpser  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Notes and individual references

  1. ↑ After Johann Smidt (ed.): Hanseatisches Magazin . Volume 5, Friedrich Wilmans, Bremen 1801, p. 134 and also the text of the frame on the portrait of Peter Carpser with a line of text by Hagedorn, Peter Carpser was born in 1696
  2. ^ Willi Ule : History of the Imperial Leopoldine-Carolinian German Academy of Natural Scientists during the years 1852–1887 . With a look back at the earlier times of its existence. Commissioned by Wilhelm Engelmann in Leipzig, Halle 1889, supplements and additions to Neigebaur's history, p. 161 ( archive.org ).
  3. ^ Christian Gotthilf Salzmann : Memories from the life of excellent Germans of the eighteenth century . Schnepfenthal 1802, p. 700 ( digitized version )
  4. ↑ Johann Daniel Krafft had traveled to England and France and has been since 1736 in Paris as a member of Loge à la Ville Tonnerre out
  5. ↑ Johann Friedrich Graefe: Collection of various and selected odes . III Theil, Halle 1741, 28
  6. ↑ Johann Friedrich Graefe: Collection of various and selected odes . IV Theil, Halle 1743, 20
  7. ^ Johann Joachim Eschenburg: Friedrichs von Hagedorn Poetic Works . Fourth part, Carl Ernst Bohn, Hamburg 1800, p. 162 and p. 163–164 ( digitized version )
  8. ^ Friedrich Ludwig Schröder : Materials on the history of freemasonry since the restoration of the great lodge in London, 5717. Rudolstadt 1806, p. 283 ( digitized version )
  9. ^ Otto Christian Gaedechens : Hamburg coins and medals. 2nd section: The addition to Langermann's Hamburg coin and medal amusement published between 1741 and 1753. Johann August Meissner, Hamburg 1854, p. 108 ( digitized version )
personal data
SURNAME Carpser, Peter
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Carpser, Pierre
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German physician in Hamburg and co-founder of the oldest German Masonic lodge
DATE OF BIRTH 1696 or 1699
PLACE OF BIRTH Hamburg
DATE OF DEATH July 8, 1759
Place of death Hamburg