St. Johannis (Advertise)
The Gothic parish church of St. John in Advertising , in the Middle Ages and church in the 1160 Commandery founded here ( Coming ) of the Order of St. John is the most important monument in the Hanseatic city on the Elbe.
The building and its history
The brick tower and the steep roof of the predominantly Gothic building rise mightily from the flat Elbe valley . Only the basement floors of the transverse rectangular west tower, which are closed in blocks and not opened by a portal, still belong to the late Romanesque original building begun in the 12th century, a basilica , the remaining parts of which were replaced in the Gothic period by the construction of a spacious hall church . The walls of the side aisles in the fourth and fifth yoke (counting from the west) with their walled-up windows and the closed portal come from a first, not far advanced renovation in the first half of the 14th century .
Around 1414 (an indulgence from that year is probably related to it) to around 1440, the five western yokes were erected, probably corresponding in length to the Romanesque predecessor building. Its side walls are elaborately designed with glazed bricks and tracery friezes , windows with profiled walls and stepped portals in the second southern and third northern yoke. The pillars are correspondingly many-sided. Before the middle of the 15th century, the portal vestibule between the tower and the front wall of the north aisle and the Ottilien chapel donated in 1443 were added to the third south aisle bay.
Between the middle of the 15th century and 1466 (inscription in unison vault) was replaced in a subsequent stage of construction the hitherto remaining Roman chorus by further two and a half yokes and the three east final vestibules which, unusually, is connected in the interior of through passages, and outwardly from a common hipped Roof overlaid. Simultaneously with the conversion to a hall church, the tower was raised and given a simple hipped roof.
Several pilgrim signs found elsewhere show that the church was an important stop on the late medieval pilgrimages to Wilsnack .
Furnishing
The furnishings are remarkably rich and reflect the medieval rank of town and church rather than their importance today. Substantial remains of medieval stained glass (around 1380 and 1420 to 1467) are surrounded by quite arbitrary additions made in 1891.
The altarpiece in the choir consists of two pre-1721 stacked altarpieces . The lower one is dedicated to Our Lady. In the predella and in two fields of the central shrine, the life of Mary develops in eight scenic reliefs from the Annunciation to the Ascension , culminating in the large central circular picture in which, surrounded by choirs of angels, Mary is crowned by Christ . Apostles and saints accompany the scene on the wings. The shrine-like, quite high predella and the lower reredos undoubtedly belong together because of the continuous picture narration, they were created around 1430, towards the end of the Soft Style . In 1721 another shrine, almost 100 years younger, was placed above it. His theme is the Trinity of God, but the representation of the Holy Spirit is lost.
Another carved altar from the beginning of the 16th century, in the north chapel, shows the saints Gertrud and Ottilie next to the Mother of God. The Hamburg sculptor Helmeke Borstel made the relief of Anna selbdritt around 1513 for the Anna altar , today in a 19th century shrine. The brass baptismal font from 1489 and the monumental five-armed candlestick from 1488 also come from a foundry from Hamburg, Hermen Bonstede.
The pulpit and its relief decorations were made by Michael Spieß from Magdeburg. In 1717 a pulpit clock was installed. The late Gothic choir stalls show later additions.
The organ of the church was built in 1747 by the Brandenburg master organ builder Joachim Wagner . In 1916, the organ was converted to pneumatic operation by the Stendal organ builder Albert Kohl, in line with the taste of the time. The organ today has 34 stops on two manuals and a pedal . 11 original registers by Joachim Wagner are still available, as is the figuratively enriched prospectus by Johann Philipp Joachim. The organ is currently not playable, in 1985 it was shut down. A restoration in the spirit of Wagner is planned
Numerous grave monuments from the 16th to 18th centuries are in the church. Worth mentioning is the tombstone created by the sculptor and carpenter Hans Hacke for Blandina Goldbeck, who died in 1608 . Luidtke, daughter of the dean at the cathedral in Havelberg Matthäus Ludecus and wife of Christoph Goldbeck (1568–1621). He was councilor in Werben and Erbsaß (hereditary lord) on Räbel and Berge (districts of Werben).
A ribbone of a whale is hung in the gallery above the southern sacristy .
literature
- Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments . The district of Magdeburg. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin 1974, pp. 440–446.
- Peter Knüvener, Dirk Schumann: The Werbener Johanniskirche and its medieval furnishings. In: Christian Gahlbeck, Heinz-Dieter Heimann, Dirk Schumann (eds.): Regionality and transfer history. Coming from the Knights' Order of the Templars and St. Johns in northeast Germany and Poland. (= Studies on Brandenburg and Comparative State History 9 = Writings of the State Historical Association for the Mark Brandenburg, New Volume 4 ). Lukas, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-86732-140-2 , pp. 357-393.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hartmut Kühne: Werben / Elbe - Of barbers, ferrymen, knights and the head of John the Baptist. , in: Miracle - Pilgrimage - Adversary. The Wilsnackfahrt. Regensburg 2005, pp. 80-100.
- ↑ Hans Müller: Dome, churches, monasteries. Tourist-Verlag, Berlin / Leipzig 1990, ISBN 3-350-00281-1 .
- ↑ a b Die St. Johanniskirche zu Werben , accessed on February 19, 2019.
- ↑ Information about the organ on orgbase.nl. Retrieved June 6, 2019 .
- ↑ www.volksstimme.de: Professor wants to save Werben's organ, November 29, 2017, accessed on November 3, 2019
Web links
- Description on the website of the Hanseatic City of Advertise
- Parish Werben, St. Johanniskirche. In: ekmd.de.
Coordinates: 52 ° 51 ′ 35 " N , 11 ° 58 ′ 55.4" E