St. Marien Monastery
The monastery of St. Marien or St. Maria ad ripa (lat., German St. Maria am Ufer , i.e. on the banks of the Moselle ), from the 12th century St. Maria ad martyres (Latin, German St. Maria zu den Martyrs ), was an episcopal monastery in front of the northern city walls of Trier , in what is now Trier-Nord . It was one of the four large Benedictine abbeys outside the Trier city walls.
The abbey had its beginnings in the 7th century and was dissolved and partially demolished under Napoleon. The remaining buildings were used as officers' quarters in the 19th century and converted into the ExHaus youth center in 1972 .
Tradition has it that this was the oldest residence of the Trier bishops in the time of Constantine the Great , until the bishop moved to the Trier cathedral .
Monastery development
In the 7th century, Benedictines built a monastery here, the front of which faced the Moselle. At least until 975, the bones of Saint Beatus of Trier , who died in the 7th century, were housed behind the main altar of the abbey church .
In Norman storm in April 882 St. Mary's was badly damaged. In the 10th century canons lived temporarily in St. Marien.
From 1006 to 1015 there was the "Moselfehde", a dispute over the bishopric of the Trier archbishopric. Although the Archbishop Megingod was confirmed papally , the opposing candidate Adalbero of Luxembourg was able to stay in Trier for nine years. He expelled the monks from the episcopal monastery of St. Mary and replaced them with canons . Only after Megingod's death did the parties come to an agreement, and in 1017 Megingaud's successor, Poppo von Babenberg , regained the Trier bishopric. Almost immediately afterwards, Poppo had the monastery restored and the monks were able to return to St. Mary in the same year. It was also Poppo who had the remains of St. Beatus transferred to a monastery outside Koblenz, from which the Koblenz Charterhouse later emerged; the exact reasons for the transfer can no longer be clarified today.
In the 12th century, in response to the widespread veneration of saints, St. Mary's adopted the name St. Marien ad martyres . The monastery flourished and at times became richer than the nearby St. Martin Abbey . In the 14th century, however, economic difficulties began.
Twice the monastery had to be rebuilt after destruction, one of them after devastation in 1675 by French occupation troops from Count von Vignory , who had all the monasteries in front of the gates of Trier laid down. Eventually the Marienkloster was dissolved under Napoleon. From 1804/05 to 1807 the monastery church and parts of the monastery were demolished. The remaining east wing (the back of the monastery) was used by the Prussian army stationed in Trier after the Congress of Vienna . At times division commanders lived in the building ; From the custom of addressing senior military officials with "Your Excellencies", the building received its name, House of Excellence , which is still used today . As a legacy of the monastery time, several courtyard houses (Kasel, Wiltingen, ...) and the pilgrimage chapel of the Assumption of Mary (Girsterklause) have been preserved in the region.
Only after the First World War did the military leave the building, which then housed the administration. After the Second World War, the French stationed in Trier used the building as storage space. Among other things, the potatoes that the farmers in the area had to pay as taxes were stored in the cellar. In the 1950s and 1960s the entire building was no longer in use and deteriorated increasingly.
On May 9, 1972, young people, including the later Mayor of Trier, Helmut Schröer , founded the Association of Excellence as a self-governing youth center which today mainly carries out youth cultural work. The former monastery building was then redesigned by the city of Trier into the youth center " Excellence House ", usually abbreviated as "ExHaus". In 1980 the southern section had to be closed due to dilapidation. From 1983 the building was gradually renovated.
Abbot list
| Surname | Term of office |
| Deodat | 973 |
| Hildebold | 980 |
| Warinarius | 1000 |
| Uroldus [Uraldus] | 11th century |
| Bernhard | 1115 |
| Peter | 1136 |
| Ludwig | 1153 |
| Rainbald | 1162 |
| Hermann | 1196 |
| Lockpick | 1201 |
| Richard from the bridge | 1220 |
| Theodore | 1242 |
| Robert von Warsberg-Rollingen | 1261-1263 |
| Aegidius of Manderscheid | 1263 |
| Peter | 1278 |
| Theodore | 1285 |
| Yes... | 1293 |
| Walram | 1307 |
| Gerhardus | 1329-1368 |
| Theodore | 1368 |
| Matthias Stumpf from Waldeck | 1417-1427 |
| Heinrich I. Wolff von Sponheim | 1429-1451 |
| Heinrich II of Blenich | 1447-1477 |
| John I of Breda | 1477-1492 |
| John II from Trier | 1492-1509 |
| Caspar of Breda | 1509-1526 |
| Johann Schenen | 1526-1544 |
| Petrus von Alff | 1544-1548 |
| John IV from Kobern | 1548-1565 |
| Peter VI from Karweiler | 1565-1581 |
| Lukas Sehl | 1581-1586 |
| Peter VII from Bernkastel | 1586-1595 |
| Jacob II from Güls | 1595-1607 |
| Johannes Jodocus Milvius from Bernkastel | 1607-1624 |
| Johannes V. Lack from Mainz | 1624-1632 |
| Aegidius II election | 1632-1634 |
| Johannes Petrus Mertert | 1634-1636 |
| John VI Colder | 1636-1678 |
| Matthias Scholer | 1678-1704 |
| Peter VIII Questor | 1704-1711 |
| Jacob III horst | 1711-1730 |
| Benedict Scholer | 1730– |
| Peter IX Creams | -1761 |
| Thomas Valentini | 1761-1786 |
| Placidus Mannebach | 1786-1801 |
literature
- Friedhelm Jürgensmeier, the male and female monasteries of the Benedictines in Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland, in connection with Regina Elisabeth Schwerdtfeger (= Germania Benedictina IX: Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland, published by the Bavarian Benedictine Academy in Munich in connection with the Abbot-Herwegen- Institute Maria Laach), St. Ottilien 1999.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Elisabeth Adams: Tour of monasteries and churches outside the city walls. ( Memento from June 25, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF) In: Eine Stadt im Mittelalter. Trier in the Middle Ages - a city guide for young and old (project study on medieval Trier at the University of Trier in the winter semester 2002/03). (PDF; accessed on October 24, 2007) p. 44
- ↑ according to Ortwin Reich: The Beatusberg. Ancient cult site at the traffic junction between the Rhine and Moselle? ( Memento from December 15, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Part of Vom Beatusberg zum Fort Konstantin. Church, monastery, fortress. Both on www.oreich.de, pp. 6-8, (PDF; accessed on October 24, 2007)
- ↑ a b History I at www.exhaus.de (accessed October 25, 2007)
Coordinates: 49 ° 46 ′ 11 " N , 6 ° 38 ′ 50" E