St. Maria auf dem Berg (Nordhausen)

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Frauenberg Church (2015)
Nordhausen, Frauenbergkirche, historical building and modern hint of the lost parts
Bell Bearer (2015)

The Evangelical Lutheran , so-called Frauenbergkirche St. Maria auf dem Berg ( Beatae Mariae Virginis in Monte , so named in contrast to Beatae Mariae Virginis in Valle ), is located in the district town of Nordhausen in the Nordhausen district in Thuringia .

history

The church is the oldest church in Nordhausen and thus also the city's oldest monument . The originally three-aisled Romanesque cross-shaped pillar basilica was first mentioned in documents in 1200. Julius Schmidt dates it to around the middle of the 12th century, as an arched frieze in the apse resembled a piece from St. Peter's Church in Erfurt , consecrated in 1147. The lack of a crypt is atypical for the building at that time. The transept is kept purely Romanesque, the nave , which is no longer present , already had slightly Gothic features. In 1480 the church was first rebuilt: the two side apses were demolished and two chapel-like rooms were added in their place. The roof of the choir bay was led down over these rooms. After the Reformation , galleries were built. In the years 1909 to 1911, the northern chapel space was finally reduced in size again in order to restore a wheeled window below it in the northern wall of the choir yoke. Today there is a parish room named after Friedrich Christian Lesser in the northern chapel , and the sacristy in the southern .

The church belonged to the Cistercian monastery. This was called St. Mariae novi operis (Neuwerk). It was founded in the 30s of the 13th century. There are contradicting information about the exact year: In one document it is said that the nuns were given the church in 1233; in another, a nun from this monastery is named as early as 1230. On June 21, 1237, Emperor Friedrich II placed the monastery under the protection of the empire. The cloister of the monastery connected to the south of the church. In 1525, after the Reformation , the monastery lost its influence. After the abolition of the convention in 1557/58, a municipal girls' school was set up in the buildings.

Like the city, the church was badly hit in the British bombing raids on Nordhausen . The nave of the church was destroyed, as well as the monastery buildings. The services were then moved to a barrack on Heringer Weg and the Cyriaci Chapel . Today, after partial reconstruction, the church only consists of a transept and choir .

On the 50th anniversary of the destruction, a seven-meter-long wooden cross was carried through the city and attached to the facade of the church at the end of the Stations of the Cross . The cross bore the inscription: Blessed, the peacemakers - 3rd / 4th April 1945 Destruction of Nordhausen - Erected by the town's parishes on April 2, 1995 as a symbol of Christian hope .

A wooden belfry with a hipped roof was erected northwest of the church in 1997. It contains three bells. The smallest was cast in 1448 and originally hung in the roof of the church. The middle bell comes from the Altendorf church . The largest, called Melanchthon bell , with a weight of 777 kg was built in 1927 for the 1000th anniversary of the city of Nordhausen for the Petrikirche .

On the occasion of the Thuringian Horticultural Show in Nordhausen on the neighboring Petersberg in 2004, the Frauenberg area was redesigned. The bricked-up arch that had connected the transept with the lost nave was reopened and provided with a window and a folding glass door across the entire width. The large cross was attached to it. A modern open steel construction with variable sails was created as a visualization of the central nave of the former nave.

A large billboard in front of the church indicates its role in the Peaceful Revolution of 1989/90.

Furnishings

  • Only the head of the body protruded from a carved Gothic crucifix.

Tombstones

A tombstone is still there. It probably shows an abbess of the monastery. The following are no longer available:

  1. a memorial to Provost Dietrich von Küllstedt and his sister Margarethe (year 1370)
  2. a memorial plaque (made of bronze) by Lorenz Gassemann (from Ellrich, was stabbed by Berlt Koch, † May 13, 1577)

organ

The first organ was a positive mentioned in 1657.

I positive C-g 3
1. Principal 4 ′ (?)
2. octave 2 ′ (?)
3. Fifth 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′ (?)
4th mixture
5. cymbal

Since this was in a dilapidated condition in 1657 - it must have been old - it was repaired and expanded in the same year by the organ maker Samuel Herold from Wernigerode.

I positive C-g 3
1. Principal 4 ′ (?)
2. Dumped 8th'
3. octave 2 ′ (?)
4th Fifth 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′ (?)
5. mixture
6th cymbal
7th Cornett 2 ′
pedal
8th. Trombone bass 8th'

In 1696 the organ was rebuilt by the organ maker Johann Andreas Vetter (also organist of the church). The organ was placed across the back of the church door across from the choir. In 1709 it was renovated, expanded, relocated and installed above the choir. The organ at that time consisted of an upper work, a Rückpositiv and a pedal. In 1725 the organ suffered considerable damage in a lightning strike, pipes melted and the carving was smashed. In 1777 repairs were carried out by the organ builder Mockert, and in 1810 by Johann Gottfried Krug .

In 1819, the organ builder Heinrich Deppe from Nordhausen built a new organ. August Mühling , organist at St. Nikolai , made the plan for the disposition .

I main work
1. Quintatön 16 ′
2. Principal 8th'
3. Dumped 8th'
4th Viola di gamba 8th'
5. Hollow flute 8th'
6th octave 4 ′
7th Pointed Flute or Gemshorn 4 ′
8th. Flauto dolce 4 ′
9. Fifth 3 ′
10. Super octave 2 ′
11. Mixture V
12. Trumpet 8th'
II upper structure
13. Quintatön 8th'
14th Drone 8th'
15th Flauto traverse 8th'
16. Principal 4 ′
17th Smalled up 4 ′
18th Reed flute 4 ′
19th octave 2 ′
20th Cornett IV
21st Clarine 4 ′
pedal
22nd Principal 16 ′
23. Violon bass 16 ′
24. Sub bass 16 ′
25th octave 8th'
26th trombone 16 ′

In 1855 the organ was cleaned by the organ builder G. Knauf from Bleicherode, repairs followed in 1879 by organ builder Ernst Kelle from Nordhausen and again in 1892 by Knauf. In the latter, the Clarine 4 'was replaced by a Salizional 8'.

After there had been complaints about defects in the organ since 1893 and a repair was carried out by the organ building company A. Seewald & Sohn in 1900, a new pneumatic organ was built in 1911 by the organ building company EF Walcker & Co. from Ludwigsburg.

I main work
1. Drone 16 ′
2. Principal 8th'
3. Delicately packed 8th'
4th Viola di gamba 8th'
5. Hollow flute 8th'
6th octave 4 ′
7th Gemshorn 4 ′
8th. Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
9. octave 2 ′
10. Mixture IV 4 ′
11. Cornett III-IV 8th'
12. Trumpet 8th'
II Oberwerk (swellwork)
13. Violin principal 8th'
14th Covered 8th'
15th Aeoline 8th'
16. Voix celeste 8th'
17th Flauto harmonique 8th'
18th Fugara 4 ′
19th Flauto amabile 4 ′
20th Forest flute 2 ′
21st oboe 8th'
pedal
22nd Sub-bass 16 ′
23. Violon 16 ′
24. Covered bass 16 ′
25th Principal bass 8th'
26th Covered bass 8th'
27. cello 8th'
28. Octave bass 4 ′
29 trombone 16 ′
  • Coupling : II / I, I / P, II / P, super-octave coupling and sub-octave coupling for Oberwerk and Hauptwerk
  • Playing aids : Swell for the upper part, fixed combinations (piano, mezzoforte, tutti, gamba choir, flute choir), two free combinations

Nothing of this organ has survived after its destruction in the Second World War.

The single-manual organ that is available today was installed in 1974 as Opus 2008 by VEB Sauer from Frankfurt (Oder). It is located on the northern gallery.

I main work C–
1. Wooden dacked 8th'
2. Principal 4 ′
3. Reed flute 4 ′
4th Forest flute 2 ′
5. Fifth 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
6th Third flute 4 ⁄ 5 ′
7th Scharff III-IV
Pedal C–
8th. Pommer 16 ′

Pastor

literature

  • Eugen Duval: Nordhausen's medieval grave monuments . Nordhausen: Nordhäuser Section des Harzverein, Theodor Perschmann, 1880, pp. 54–57, digitized version on geschichtsportal-nordhausen.de
  • Peter Kuhlbrodt: Nordhausen, Frauenberg monastery Neuwerk. In: The monastic and nunnery monasteries of the Cistercians in Hesse and Thuringia, edited by Friedhelm Jürgensmeier and Regina Elisabeth Schwerdtfeger. [Germania Benedictina] IV, St. Ottilien 2011, pp. 1143-1186.
  • Articles and photos on the history of the Frauenberg Church, Nordhausen. Nordhausen 2005, ISBN 978-3-930558-16-2 .
  • August Stolberg, Friedrich Stolberg: The architectural and art monuments of the city of Nordhausen. In: The thousand year old Nordhausen , Volume II. Nordhausen 1927, pp. 532-539.
  • Robert Treutler: Churches in Nordhausen - A foray through church life . Verlag Neukirchner, 9/1997, pp. 12-19
  • Johannes Schäfer: Nordhäuser Orgelchronik - History of the organ works in the thousand-year-old town of Nordhausen am Harz in Max Schneider (Hrsg.): Contributions to music research , Buchhandlung des Waisenhauses GmbH Halle / Saale Berlin, 1939
  • Bernard Peugniez : Le Guide Routier de l'Europe Cistercienne . Editions du Signe, Strasbourg 2012, p. 499.

Web links

Commons : Frauenbergkirche (Nordhausen)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.harzlife.de/harzrand/frauenbergkirche-nordhausen.html , accessed on August 10, 2015
  2. ^ The church at www.nordhausen.de, accessed on April 1, 2014.
  3. ^ Fritz Reinboth: Die Nordhäuser organ builders in the 19th century , In: Nordhäuser news. Südharzer Heimatblätter published by the Nordhausen City Archives , 3/2005

Coordinates: 51 ° 29 ′ 50.2 "  N , 10 ° 47 ′ 51.9"  E