St. Ottilia (Hörmanshofen)
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The Sanctuary of St. Ottilia on a hill on the southern outskirts of Hörmanshofen , in the Bavarian-Swabian community Biessenhofen ( Ostallgäu ) is a later Hochbarockbau of 1691/92 on older wall parts consisting of a late Gothic pilgrimage church next to the 1787 aborted Castle Ottilenberg emerged . It belongs to the parish of the Assumption of Mary in Altdorf, which has merged into the Bidingen / Biessenhofen parish in the diocese of Augsburg .
location
The church is located about seven kilometers south of Kaufbeuren , on the Ottilienberg, a mountain tongue where the valleys of the Geltnach and the Wertach meet . Hörmanshofen and the church can be reached via the B 12 and B 16, as well as via the train station in Biessenhofen on the Munich-Buchloe-Kempten-Lindau line.
Pilgrimage, castle and building history
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Around the year 1350 there was talk of a castle with a chapel on the Ottilienberg for the first time, and from 1440 an “ancient” Ottilien pilgrimage was mentioned. At that time the property belonged to Ulrich Weißirherr from Kaufbeuren, who, as patron saint, had the Ottilien Chapel renovated in 1455. His widow Elisabeth Weißirherr donated a benefit for a pilgrimage priest in 1470. In 1551 the castle came to the Benzenau family and in 1611 the church and its rulership passed to the Augsburg bishopric .
In the course of the Swedish War , the soldiers of the Swedish King Gustav Adolf burned down the castle including the church and the chaplaincy in 1632. Philipp Julius von Remchingen , who came into possession of the building complex in 1658, had the destroyed church repaired by 1677. In 1691, his son Franz, together with his wife Maria Magdalene Felicitas (née Freiin von Rost), initiated a fundamental new building using older parts (which are probably in the choir room). The completion of the church was in 1692, according to the art historian Michael Petzet , Augustin Stickl was probably the master builder . In 1711 the tower was renewed and a new belfry was built, and a Klausner apartment was added to the south-east corner of the church. It was inhabited by hermit sacristans who taught the local children.
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After 1700 the castle changed hands several times, in 1763 the vacant castle was left to homeless and rural people. To get rid of these annoying guests who brought robbery and pillage with them, the surrounding farmers bought the castle in 1786 to demolish it. In the years 1803/04, in the course of the secularization, further demolitions took place on the Ottilienberg, the small round church between St. Ottilia and the former castle site, the Klausner apartment and the 14 × 7 m large Sebastian chapel built in 1626, which is about 100 meters south of the former castle farm.
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Restorations with changes to the interior were carried out in 1844, when a new floor made of Solnhofen slabs was installed, and in 1897/98; the latter has largely shaped the church interior to this day thanks to the painting by the Augsburg Luitpold Heim . Further restorations took place in 1936 and 1972–1983.
architecture
The church was created by rebuilding the new Gothic building from 1455 in the years 1690–1692. The shape of a Greek cross , which is still visible from the outside and corresponds to a central building , probably goes back to the restoration in the years after 1659. The exterior is structured by buttresses, which are led in the form of short pilaster strips up to the roof approach. Between the buttresses there are arched windows, which are separated by a frieze band from a second row of transverse oval windows. The tower is in the northern corner of the choir and the sacristy in the southern corner . To the west are lower extensions which, as corner rooms, complement the Greek cross to form a three-aisled rectangular room with groin vaults . The original sturdy round pillars in full and semicircular shape were preserved. The west gallery is divided into three parts; to the south there was once an oratory with a barrel vault. The underside of the middle gallery, probably built in 1768, is rounded to the west, on the protruding parapet there are attachments in the form of carved rocailles . The drawn-in, elongated choir is provided with a three-sided end. The first choir bay is a kind of forechoir. The interior is closed off by barrel vaults with stitch caps ; groin vaults are only preserved in the western yoke, the former cross arm.
Furnishing
In the magnificent high altar (1699), decorated with acanthus foliage and twisted columns and made in the late high baroque style, valuable late Gothic carvings are inserted. In the center of the reredos is a statue of Ottilie around 1470, assisted by high baroque figures of Saints Gertrudis and Mechthildis. In the altar extract, a late Gothic root Jesse depiction was adorned in the most exquisite manner ; below the sleeping Jesse, above Maria with child, and to the side in a columnar representation the ancestors of Jesus. They were created by Jörg Lederer from Kaufbeuren .
On the east walls of the transverse arms of the nave are the side altars, which are equally worth seeing. Like the high altar, both were erected in 1699; the altarpieces are by Johann Joseph Fronwieser from Schongau , who created them in 1726. On the left Magdalene altar the painting shows the death of St. Magdalena, the extract (1897/98) shows St. Barbara. The most important work of art on the altar, if not the whole church, is the high Gothic Pietà from the middle of the 14th century. On the right-hand holy kinship altar the painting shows the holy kinship , the extract (1897/98) shows the resurrection Christ. On the cafeteria there is a figurative representation of Jesus, mocked as King of the Jews after his flagellation from around 1880.
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The pulpit made of stucco marble from 1700 is richly decorated. On the pulpit between twisted double columns are the wooden figures of the four evangelists, the four Latin church fathers and Jesus Salvator. The underside of the sound cover shows the dove of the Holy Spirit, the top adorned with a putti wreath is crowned by Archangel Michael as a soul weigher. On the arch between the vestibule and choir there is a larger than life crucifixion group, which was made in 1695 by Hans Ludwig Ertinger from Kempten : Maria and Johannes on the sides on half-columns, and the crucifix hanging from the ceiling.
The varied painting of the vaults, walls and window reveals, which Luitpold Heim carried out in 1897/98, has a great impact on the shell of the choir and partly on the nave. The eastern choir windows are painted in the Nazarene style. The oak choir stalls (around 1700) are veneered with various precious woods. On the north and south sides of the nave, neo-baroque confessionals from 1897/98 are set into the walls. Above each stand the holy figures (17th century) of Magnus and Stephanus on pedestals. The sources say nothing about the pictures of the Stations of the Cross on the walls in the choir and nave. The church stalls were also made around 1700.
Votive offerings
On the west wall, below the central gallery, two oval pictures ( The poor selenium in Fegfeyr and the Innocent Children , around 1800) and a glazed box with eyes chased or engraved in silver (17th / 18th century).
Southern neighboring buildings
About 50 meters south of the church is the former farmyard of the castle, which was demolished in 1786, but which was sold to the Bernbeck farmer Peter Echteler in 1685 as an inventory and manor .
The Five Wounds Chapel, called "Brünnele" due to its location at a spring in the chapel that is described as "miraculous", is located 200 meters southeast of the church. The wooden chapel was built in 1803 as a replacement for the Sebastian Chapel, which was demolished in 1803 and was 20/30 meters above, with the five-wound fountain, which lets water flow from the 5 wounds of the Savior into a stone basin. This was originally built into the Sebastian Chapel. In 1845, the wooden hut was replaced by a massive building on the basis of a pledge. In the chapel there is a painted panel ceiling that is attributed to Georg Wassermann .
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literature
- Herbert Wittmann: St. Ottilia pilgrimage church in Biessenhofen-Hörmanshofen . Catholic Church Foundation St. Ottilia [Hsg], Hörmanshofen 2004 (church guide).
- Michael Petzet: Bavarian Art Monuments: Brief Inventories - XXIII: Landkreis Marktoberdorf . Deutscher Kunstverlag , Munich 1966, pp. 92–98.
Web links
- Ottilienberg on www.illerschorsch.de (private homepage)
- Video about the church on www.katholisch1.tv
Individual evidence
- ^ Georg Dehio : Handbook of German Art Monuments. Bavaria III: Swabia. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-422-03116-6 , pp. 474-475.
Coordinates: 47 ° 49 ′ 21.3 " N , 10 ° 39 ′ 9.4" E