St. Pölten tram
St. Pölten tram | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Route length: | 9.42 km | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gauge : | 1435 mm ( standard gauge ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Power system : | 800 volts = | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Maximum slope : | 25.61 ‰ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Minimum radius : | 100 m | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Top speed: | 35 km / h | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
The St. Pölten tram was the tram system of the Lower Austrian capital St. Pölten , it was standard gauge and existed from 1911 to 1976. The operating company was called St. Pöltner Straßenbahn Aktiengesellschaft (St.P.St.B.), the planning of the railway goes back to 1905. Originally, the focus was on freight transport , but passenger transport developed significantly more strongly. Mainly the factories like Harlander Coats and Glanzstoff Austria , which had siding , were involved in the company. The railway had the character of an overland tram and connected St. Pölten with the originally independent towns of Wagram , Stattersdorf , Aufeld, Spratzern and Harland .
history
In 1905 the St.P.St.B. established and an on concession granted. In addition to the city of St. Pölten, shareholders were some industrialists from the city, and together a capital of 100,000 crowns was raised. After the constituent meeting on April 2, 1910, the license required for construction and operation was granted on May 1. A short time later, construction of the tram began. The railway was officially opened on March 18, 1911. In May of the same year the joint-stock company, which had only served for building purposes, was dissolved and a new one was founded under the same name; the share capital was 1,137,000 crowns. The administrative board consisted of Hermann Ofner (city councilor and chairman of the construction section of the city of St. Pölten), Johann Urban (director of the first Austrian glossy fabric factory ), Josef Salcher junior (director of the public limited company of the Harland cotton spinning and twisting factory ), Karl Salzer (partner of the Matthäus Salzers sons ), Josef Benker ( soap maker Benker ), the Viennese lawyer Wilhelm Graf and the building authority director of the city of St. Pölten, Josef Prokop.
In addition to the main line, numerous industrial connections were built, so the tram also fulfilled the function of an industrial connecting railway . Initially, three railcars for passenger transport and two locomotives for freight transport were procured from the Grazer Waggonfabrik for their operation . In addition, the G1 (boxcar) and JnG2 (low side car) were owned by St.P.St.B. until the beginning of the First World War. An extension from Bahnhofplatz to Brunngasse, which only served passenger traffic, was put into operation on December 12, 1912. The tram was designed as a single track. There were evasions at the Salzer and Eybnerstrasse paper mill stations, and the Brunngasse and Harland terminals each had a transfer track. While grooved rails of form 160/120 were laid in Brunngasse, grooved rails of type 180 / 150a were used in the rest of the city. Between the stations of Ober-Wagram and Salzerstraße there was a change to Vignol rails of the form XXIVa, from there the railway had its own route away from the streets.
The main source of income for the St. Pölten tram was initially goods traffic, passenger traffic initially only played a subordinate role. By connecting the city center, it was possible to increase the frequency of passenger traffic, which is why additional sidecars had to be purchased.
In 1914 the St. Pölten tram acquired the only post railcar built in Austria , which was added to the inventory as number 4. Until the post and parcel transport by rail was discontinued in 1932, this vehicle regularly brought mail and parcels to Harland.
After the so-called connection of Austria in 1938, the St. Pölten tram was also operated in accordance with the German tram construction and operating regulations (BOStrab). In this context, it was assigned the line letters H for courses towards Harland and P for courses towards (St.) Pölten, analogous to F for the Florianerbahn , G for Gmunden and Y for Ybbs . These were written on the vehicles in white letters on a black background, the signals could be illuminated in the dark.
On April 1 and April 2, 1945, the five-track transfer system at the freight station was destroyed by an air raid. On April 12, 1945, large parts of the depot, workshop, catenary system, rectifier system and vehicles were severely damaged by further bomb hits, so that traffic had to be shut down. Operations could already be resumed on July 2, 1945.
The route ran from Brunngasse to Harland until 1951, after which the route was shortened and from then on ended at the new terminus at Goldegger Strasse. The reason for the relocation on May 28, 1951 was the increasing individual traffic . From then on, the tram was no longer connected to the city center, which resulted in a sharp drop in frequency. The number of goods transported also fell sharply.
After the end of the sidecar operation, if the "large" railcar 5 failed, mostly two small railcars with pendulum conductors had to be used in the traffic peaks. Another large railcar was therefore procured. For lack of money, however, only a used vehicle was considered. Therefore, on September 1, 1963, the Vienna auxiliary power car NL 6212, formerly a type N power train built in 1925 , which originally ran under the number 2703 on the Wiener Elektrische Stadtbahn , was procured and, after minor adaptation work, was given the number on December 30, 1963 006 used in passenger operation. The failures of the railcar (especially the compressed air brake, which was not in use in St. Pölten up to then) increased and so the railcar was parked after a compressor damage on January 17, 1973 and handed over to Vienna for museum preservation in November 1974.
In 1974 the management decided to buy two used T1 multiple units (No. 404 and 407) from the Vienna tram . After minor modifications, the T1 404 was used as railcar 7 in St. Pölten from September 1, 1975 and was very popular with both staff and passengers. In the summer of 1975, the small railcar 2 was parked and sold because of its poor condition. In October 1975, railcar 5 also had to be parked.
On February 10, 1976, the tram was shut down due to an unpaid electricity bill. Negotiations about a takeover by the Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB) or the state of Lower Austria failed, so that the company had to file for bankruptcy.
However, the connection to the Glanzstoff factory was served with an ÖBB diesel locomotive or a Unimog until it was closed in 2008 . In addition, the Salzer paper mill received its freight wagons by road scooter a few years after the closure .
Reuse
Today, parts of the former route have been converted into the “Tramway Trasse” cycle path , the heritage-protected depot stands at the confluence of Daniel-Gran-Strasse and Herzogenburger Strasse and is now unused. Since 2004 the reintroduction of the streetcar in St. Pölten has been considered; a short-term realization seems unlikely.
Preserved post railcar No. 4 (2004)
In 1939 the tram timetable was still listed in the Reich curriculum
vehicles
number | Construction year | Manufacturer | length | Wheelbase | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Locomotives | |||||
Locomotive 1 | 1911 | Graz wagon factory | 8500 mm | 3200 mm | Freight locomotive, currently museum tramway Mariazell – Erlaufsee desolate |
Locomotive 2 | 1911 | Graz wagon factory | 8500 mm | 3200 mm | Freight locomotive, currently museum tramway Mariazell – Erlaufsee desolate |
Locomotive 3 | 1930 | Graz wagon factory | 8500 mm | 3200 mm | Freight locomotive, scrapped on September 25, 1976 |
Locomotive 4 | 1953 | Gold ribbon | 7640 mm | 2800 mm | Freight locomotive |
Railcar | |||||
1 | 1911 | Graz wagon factory | 7900 mm | 2700 mm | Platform glazing, used on the last day of operation in 1976, currently Museum Tramway Mariazell – Erlaufsee, desolate |
2 | 1911 | Graz wagon factory | 7900 mm | 2700 mm | Platform glazing, July 29, 1975 Sale to private, currently Museum Tramway Mariazell – Erlaufsee, spare parts donor |
3 | 1911 | Graz wagon factory | 7900 mm | 2700 mm | Platform glazing, used on the last day of operation in 1976, currently the Mariazell – Erlaufsee museum tramway, reconstructed operationally |
4th | 1914 | Graz wagon factory | 7700 mm | 2700 mm | Post railcar, converted into sidecar in 1938, reconstructed operationally as Tw 4 in 2004, currently Museum Tramway Mariazell – Erlaufsee |
5 | 1929 | Graz wagon factory | 10700 mm | 3200 mm | Platform glazing, barrel roof, shut down since October 1975, currently museum tramway Mariazell – Erlaufsee, not operational |
006 | 1925 | Simmering | 11600 mm | 3600 mm | Taken over in 1963 by the Wiener Elektrische Stadtbahn (formerly NL 6212, formerly N 2703), parked in January 1973, currently the Mariazell – Erlaufsee museum tramway, under construction |
7th | 1954 | Wages | 11600 mm | 3300 mm | In 1974, formerly T1 404 was taken over by the Vienna tram, used on the last day of operation in 1976, from 1977 as a two-motor vehicle 07 for the WLB, currently the Mariazell – Erlaufsee museum tramway, car body scrapped in 2010 |
sidecar | |||||
11 | 1901 | Graz wagon factory | 8700 mm | 3000 mm | Platform glazing, rebuilt in 1920 |
12 | 1891 | Simmering | 6080 mm | 1600 mm | Taken over by the Vienna Tram in 1918, rebuilt in 1941 |
13 | 1905 | Bremen tram | 7800 mm | 2200 mm | Bought by the Bremen tram in 1927 , retired in 1965 |
4th | 1914 | Self-made | 7700 | 2700 mm | rebuilt from railcar 4, retired in 1975 |
Freight wagons | |||||
G1 | 1911 | Ringhoffer | 8540 mm | 4000 mm | |
Jng2 | 1911 | Ringhoffer | 9020 mm | 4000 mm | |
Railway service vehicles | |||||
Draisine | 1943 | Works Wörth | 4960 mm | 2200 mm | on trolley museum formerly ÖBB X613.005 Traismauer submitted |
Tower sidecar | ? | Self-made | ? | ? | Today the Mariazell – Erlaufsee museum tramway |
All vehicles that have been preserved are now owned by the Mariazell-Erlaufsee Museum Tramway. Number 4 has largely been restored to its original state.
literature
- The St. Pölten – Harland electric tram. (Information from the Austrian Siemens-Schuckert-Werke). In: Electrical engineering and mechanical engineering. Journal of the Electrotechnical Association in Vienna. Organ of the Association of Austrian and Hungarian Electricity Companies / Electrical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering. Journal of the Electrotechnical Association in Vienna (and organ of the branch association Brno) / E. u. M. (E and M) electrical engineering and mechanical engineering. Journal of the Electrotechnical Association in Vienna / E and M electrical engineering and mechanical engineering. Journal of the Electrotechnical Association in Vienna from 1883 to 1938 / E and M electrical engineering and mechanical engineering. Organ / journal of the Austrian Electrotechnical Association , year 1921, issue 22/1921, May 29, 1921, p. 89 f. (Online at ANNO ). .
- Wolfgang Kaiser: Trams in Austria . GeraMond, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-7654-7198-4 .
- Harald Marincig: The St. Pölten tram . Second, greatly expanded edition. Verlag Bahn im Film, Achau 2011, ISBN 978-3-9503096-0-7 .
- Harald Marincig: The St. Pölten tram . Electronic resource: 1 DVD-R (55 min.), 12 cm. Bahn im Film, Vienna 2011.
- Karl Zwirchmayer: 50 years of the St. Pölten tram - 1911–1961 . In: Eisenbahn 4/1961 , p. 61 f.
Web links
- Steve Stipsits: The city of St. Pölten (tram, bus, trolleybus, underground) . In: public-transport.at , November 5, 2012, accessed on February 12, 2013.
- Bernhard Graf (Ed., Red.): St. Pöltner Tram . In: tramways.at , accessed on February 12, 2013.
Individual evidence
- ^ Gerhard A. Stadler: The industrial heritage of Lower Austria: history, technology, architecture . Böhlau, Wien (ua) 2006, ISBN 3-205-77460-4 , p. 639, online .
- ↑ a b Gerhard A. Stadler : The industrial heritage of Lower Austria , chapter St. Pölten municipality - tram depot . Böhlau, Vienna (among others) 2006, ISBN 3-20577460-4 .
- ↑ RGBl. 1910/96. Announcement by the Ministry of Railways regarding the licensing of a standard-gauge small railroad from St. Pölten to Harland to be operated with electric power . In: Reichsgesetzblatt for the kingdoms and states represented in the Reichsrathe , year 1910, p. 167. (Online at ANNO ). .
- ↑ Company logs. (...) St. Pölten, St. Pölten Tram Company. In: Wiener Zeitung , Official Journal , No. 144/1911, June 25, 1911, p. 749. (Online at ANNO ). .
- ↑ Power off for St. Pölten's tram . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna February 11, 1976, p. 6 ( berufer-zeitung.at - the open online archive - digitized).
- ^ The St. Pölten tram on Tramtrack Austria
- ↑ Then and now: trams in St. Pölten and elsewhere on oekonews.ch