Friedrich Staub

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Friedrich Staub
Friedrich Staub 1893
Fritz Staub 1847

Friedrich Rudolf Staub , also Fritz Staub, (born March 30, 1826 in Männedorf ; † August 3, 1896 in Zurich - Fluntern ) was a Swiss dialectologist , lexicographer and librarian . He earned lasting merits as the founder of the Swiss Idiotikon and as the initiator of the Swiss National Library .

life and work

Staub was born the son of a cotton manufacturer. He attended the first lessons at a private school, then the public grammar school (canton school) in Zurich, studied 1845–47 at the theological and mainly the philosophy faculty of the University of Zurich , and then studied philology at the University of Bonn from 1847–48 .

After returning to Männedorf in 1848, Staub became a teacher at Eduard Billeter's boarding school in the Liebegg house, which was originally designed for ten boys. He took over the school in 1850, moved it to his parents' house "zum Felsenhof", expanded it (a large number of the students came from French-speaking regions) and ran it until 1858, after which he left it to the brothers Heinrich and Jakob Labhart. Afterwards, Staub was a private scholar in Zurich from 1858–62.

At the suggestion of the Antiquarian Society in Zurich , to which he had given a lecture on the subject of "The value and meaning of dialect", he and Ludwig Tobler founded the Swiss Idioticon in 1862 , of which he was director until his death in 1896. Dust was not only a dictionary editor, but also tirelessly concerned about the gathering of the data. In 1868 the Philosophical Faculty of the University of Zurich awarded him an honorary doctorate because of his preparatory work for the Swiss Idioticon, which was so important for science, and because of his recently published work on bread.

Parallel to his work on the dictionary, Staub was sub-librarian from 1871–85 and head librarian from 1885–87 at the Zurich City Library (now the Zurich Central Library ) and in 1891 initiated the establishment of the Swiss National Library (now the Swiss National Library ).

Dust suffered from increasing poor eyesight, which increasingly impaired his work. After he died unexpectedly of pneumonia, Albert Bachmann succeeded Staub as editor-in-chief of Schweizerischer Idiotikons.

His scientific legacy is in the archive of the Swiss Idiotikon.

Dust's Law

In 1874, Staub first formulated a linguistic law that appears in most of the Alemannic dialects, which is now called Staub's law after him . It concerns the disappearance of a nasal in front of homorganous spirants (/ x /, / f /, / s /, / ʃ /, / v /) with stretching or diphthongization of the preceding stem vowel, for example Middle High German gently > Swiss German saaft or sauft; Window > fäischter; Honwîl ( toponym )> Höiel; dark > fiischter or feischter; [Oven] art > Chuuscht or Chouscht; five > füüf or föif .

Publications

  • The bread as reflected in the Swiss German vernacular and customs. Read Swiss pastry names. From the papers of the Swiss Idiotikon. Leipzig 1868 ( digitized ).
  • The vocalization of the N in the Swiss Alemanni. Halle 1874 ( digitized version ) (under the title: A Swiss-Alemannic phonetic law also in German dialects 7, 1877, pp. 18–36, 191–207, 333–389).
  • [ New edition and commentary:] Ulrich Zwingli: How to keep young people in good manners ... pulling the banks and emptying them. In: Collection of pedagogical writings of the 16th and 17th centuries that have become rare, ed. v. August Israel, 4th issue Zschopau approx. 1880.
  • [probably together with Ludwig Tobler:] The order in dialectical dictionaries and the revision of the alphabet. A proposal for unification, presented by the Bureau des Schweizerdeutschen Idiotikons, [Zurich 1876].
  • Verbal article in the Schweizerischen Idiotikon 1881–1896 (volumes I to the beginning of IV).

literature

To Staub's law:

  • Karl Bohnenberger : On the resolution of the n before friction in Alemannic. In: Journal for German Dialects, born 1914, pp. 377–382.
  • Karl Bohnenberger: About n before Reibelaut in Alemannic with an appendix about nk . In: Teuthonista 4 (1927/28), pp. 13-31.
  • Iwar Werlen: The “Dust Law” in Swiss German. In: Zeitschrift für Dialektologie und Linguistik 44 (1977), pp. 257-281.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Examples quoted from Fr [iedrich] Staub: The vocalization of the N in the Swiss Alemanni. Hall 1874; Heinrich Baumgartner : The dialects of the Bernese Seeland, Frauenfeld 1922 (BSG XIV), p. 72 f. and Albert Weber : Die Mundarten des Zürcher Oberlandes, Frauenfeld 1923 (BSG XV), p. 72 ff.
personal data
SURNAME Staub, Friedrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Dust, Fritz; Staub, Friedrich Rudolf
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swiss linguist and founder of the Swiss Idiotikon
DATE OF BIRTH March 30, 1826
PLACE OF BIRTH Männedorf
DATE OF DEATH August 3, 1896
Place of death Zurich - Fluntern