Stinging juniper

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Stinging juniper
Stinging juniper (Juniperus oxycedrus)

Stinging juniper ( Juniperus oxycedrus )

Systematics
Order : Conifers (Coniferales)
Family : Cypress family (Cupressaceae)
Subfamily : Cupressoideae
Genre : Juniper ( Juniperus )
Section : Juniperus
Type : Stinging juniper
Scientific name
Juniperus oxycedrus
L.
Stinging juniper ( Juniperus oxycedrus ) after Koehler, 1897.
Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. badia in the Spanish Sierra Madrona with immature cones

The prickly juniper ( Juniperus oxycedrus ) is a plant from the family of the cypress family (Cupressaceae). It is also sometimes called cedar juniper , not to be confused with the Macaronesian cedar juniper ( Juniperus cedrus ).

description

The stinging juniper grows as a shrub or small tree and reaches heights of 1 to 8 meters, in exceptional cases up to 14 meters. The treetop grows round to irregularly conical. The bark is gray to reddish brown and longitudinally streaked. The branches are ascending to horizontal. The branches are almost triangular in cross-section. The needle-shaped leaves are in three-row whorls and from the branches. They are pointed and 11 to 20 mm long. On the top there are two whitish stripes ( stomata bands ).

The stinging juniper is dioecious separately sexed ( dioecious ). The flowering period extends from April to May. The inconspicuous male flowers stand individually in the leaf axils. The berry-shaped cones , which ripen in the second year, are spherical and contain two to four, but usually three, seeds.

In contrast to the orange or reddish brown cones with a diameter of 6 to 13 mm of the subspecies Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. oxycedrus , the cones of the second subspecies Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. badia when ripe is purple-reddish-brown and has a diameter of 10 to 13 mm; in addition, the terminal branches of the latter subspecies assume a hanging, downward-facing position.

Occurrence

The stinging juniper occurs in the Mediterranean region west of Italy . The populations previously mentioned under this species eastwards from Italy to Iran and the Caucasus are assigned to the new species Juniperus deltoides . The variety Juniperus oxycedrus var. Badia is widespread in southwest Europe, namely in eastern Portugal and central Spain . There are other occurrences in North Africa in northern Algeria . Juniperus oxycedrus prefers macchia and forests up to the mountains on dry to fresh, nutrient-rich, sandy to fine gravel soils that can be slightly acidic to strongly alkaline. It grows in sunny and hot locations and is sensitive to frost.

Hazards and protective measures

Juniperus oxycedrus is rated as Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature ( IUCN) in the Red List of Threatened Species . The European Union protects in the Fauna-Flora-Habitat Directive No. 92/43 / EEC in the updated version of January 1, 2007 in Appendix I all juniper species of the habitat type "tree-shaped matorrals" as natural habitat types of Community interest for their conservation special protected areas must be designated.

Systematics

Juniperus oxycedrus was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum .

According to Euro + Med, four subspecies belong here:

  • Juniperus oxycedrus L. subsp. oxycedrus
  • Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. badia (H. Gay) Debeaux (Syn .: Juniperus badia H. Gay , Juniperus oxycedrus var. badia H. Gay ) occurs in Spain, Portugal and Algeria.
  • Large fruited juniper ( Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. Macrocarpa (Sm.) Ball , Syn .: Juniperus macrocarpa Sm. )
  • Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. transtagana Franco (Syn .: Juniperus navicularis Gand. ) occurs in Portugal and Spain.

According to Adams there are only two subspecies, Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. badia and Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. oxycedrus . The other two are classified as separate species: Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. macrocarpa as Juniperus macrocarpa and Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. transtagana as Juniperus navicularis Gand.

The stocks of Juniperus oxycedrus L. subsp. oxycedrus in Italy and eastward were spun off by Robert P.Adams as the cryptic species Juniperus deltoides R.P.Adams .

ecology

Arceuthobium oxycedri on Juniperus oxycedrus

Juniperus oxycedrus is the host plant of Arceuthobium oxycedri .

proof

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Peter Schönfelder, Ingrid Schönfelder: What blooms on the Mediterranean. 5th edition. Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-10211-4 .
  2. ↑ a b c Andreas Roloff , Andreas Bärtels: Flora of the woods. Purpose, properties and use. With a winter key from Bernd Schulz. 3rd, corrected edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5614-6 , p. 737.
  3. ↑ a b c d Faik Yaltirik, Gökhan Eliçin, Salih Terzioğlu: Juniperus oxycedrus L. subsp. oxycedrus var. spilinanus Yalt., Eliçin & Terzioğlu: A New Variety from Turkey . In: Turkish Journal of Botany . tape 31 , no. 1 , 2007, p. 37–40 (English, gov.tr [PDF; 99 kB ] see "A new identification key for all J. oxycedrus taxa").
  4. ↑ a b Christopher J. Earle: Juniperus oxycedrus at The Gymnosperm Database. 2009.
  5. ^ Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN): Taxon: Juniperus oxycedrus L. subsp. badia (H. Gay) Debeaux. In: GRIN Taxonomy for Plants. United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, accessed August 29, 2010 .
  6. ↑ Juniperus oxycedrus in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2010. Posted by: Conifer Specialist Group, 2007. Accessed August 22 of 2010.
  7. ↑ Council Directive 92/43 / EEC of May 21, 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and wild fauna and flora (Habitats Directive) in the consolidated version of January 1, 2007 . Appendix I, p. 17 and 19 In: OJ. L 206, July 22, 1992, p. 7
  8. ↑ Species Plantarum. 2, p. 1038 - first description at www.botanicus.org
  9. ↑ a b c E. von Raab-Straube (2014): Gymnospermae. - In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Datasheet Juniperus oxycedrus
  10. ^ Robert P. Adams: Species / Taxa of Juniperus . In: Juniperus of the World. Retrieved August 29, 2010 .
  11. ^ Author = Robert P. Adams, Julie A. Morris, Ram N. Pandey & Andrea E. Schwarzbach: Cryptic speciation between Juniperus deltoides and Juniperus oxycedrus (Cupressaceae) in the Mediterranean . In: Biochemical Systematics and Ecology . tape 33 , no. 8 , 2005, p. 771-787 , doi : 10.1016 / j.bse.2005.01.001 (English).
  12. ↑ Viscaceae in parasiticplants.

Web links

Commons : Juniperus oxycedrus  - collection of images, videos and audio files