Stederburg
| Stederburg | ||
|---|---|---|
| Alternative name (s): | Steterburg Castle | |
| Creation time : | 10th century | |
| Castle type : | Swamp castle | |
| Conservation status: | Remains of the moat and rampart | |
| Place: | Steterburg , district of Salzgitter | |
| Geographical location | 52 ° 11 '36 " N , 10 ° 28' 19" E | |
|
||
The Stederburg was a castle west of Salzgitter-Thiede , which served to protect the nearby Okerfurten . The castle was built between 924 and 933. Around 1000 the Steterburg monastery was built on the site of the castle .
location
The center of the Stederburg was west of the Steterburg monastery. The castle complex was built on a slight hill on the Thiedebach , which at that time ran further west. The swampy lowlands of the nearby Oker offered the residents good protection against attackers. The Stederburg was located between the Werla and Dankwarderode castles and was intended to secure the crossings of the Oker at Leiferde and Wolfenbüttel and the road coming west of the Oker from Goslar in the section between Braunschweig and Werla.
history
The castle was probably built at the instigation of Heinrich I (around 876–936). Henry I had several castles built on his eastern borders as part of a castle building program to ward off the Hungarian invasions . In addition to the Stederburg, these also included the Werla and Dankwarderode castles.
Stederburg Castle was first mentioned in the records of Widukind von Corvey (around 925 - after 973) about the Saxons (" Res gestae Saxonicae "). Widukind describes here that the Hungarians invaded again in 938 and that their attack on the Stederburg was successfully repulsed by the castle crew. The namesake for the castle was probably the settlement of Steder , which was about a kilometer to the west and which had fallen desolately in the 14th century at the latest. Their settlement name is derived from the old Saxon stedi , which means something like place or place. In old documents the castle is also called Stedieraburg (Widukind von Corvey), Stedereburch (1007) or Stideraburh (1074).
Building description
_IMG_2699.jpg)
Early excavations in the area of Steterburg Abbey had already given evidence of a rampart and various buildings. At that time it was assumed that this facility in the area of the monastery was the Stedieraburg , which was mentioned in the report of Widukind von Corvey in 938. New and more extensive excavations became possible when the old buildings of the former monastery domain and the Steterburger canning factory were demolished in 1996/98 in order to build a residential park. When the excavation work began in February 1998, a mighty trench was found west of the monastery, which turned out to be a pointed trench nine meters wide and 5.5 meters deep . This did not run around the monastery as expected, but turned out to be a circular rampart that extended to the west of the monastery. After completing the year-long investigations, it was clear that this was the actual main structure of the Stederburg. It had a diameter of 140 meters and was surrounded by the moat and an inner wall, which was in front of a stone wall. There was no evidence of any development within the site. In the east, a protected also by ditch and rampart castle bailey on, the so-called Suburbium . Here one found evidence of an early development from the 10th century. To the south of the monastery, parts of the moat of the outer bailey with a width of four meters are preserved, as well as parts of the adjoining wall with a height of 0.6 meters and a width of five meters.
Reuse
At the end of the 10th century the castle came into the possession of Count Altmann von Oelsburg († 1000/03), whose main holdings were in what is now the Peine district. This determined in his will that a canon monastery in Ölsburg and a virgin monastery in Steterburg should be founded from his possessions . His daughter Frederunda von Oelsburg († March 16, 1020) then had the Steterburg Abbey built on the grounds of the outer bailey around 1000/02. The monastery acquired extensive possessions through many donations. A property register from 1519 lists 1860 acres of fields and 140 acres of meadow, making the monastery the largest monastery in the Duchy of Braunschweig . The monastery, originally founded as a canonical monastery, was converted into a noble women's monastery in 1691 and was dissolved in 1938/39. The collegiate church now serves as a parish church for the evangelical community, the other collegiate buildings have been converted into apartments.
literature
- Wolfgang Cheap: The collegiate church in Steterburg . Ed .: Braunschweigischer Geschichtsverein (= sources and research on Braunschweigische history . Volume 25 ). Self-published by the Braunschweigischer Geschichtsverein, Braunschweig 1982, p. 11-15 .
- Hartmut Alder: Chronicle of Thiede . Waisenhaus Druckerei GmbH Braunschweig, Salzgitter 1991.
- Margret Zimmermann, Hans Kensche: Castles and palaces in Hildesheimer Land . Hildesheim, 2001, p. 166
- Hartmut Alder: If you walk across the fields, you come to Steterburg . Chronicle of a place full of history. Pro Art publishing house, Salzgitter-Steterburg 2008.
Web links
- Entry by Gudrun Pischke zu Stederburg in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute
- Stederburg in the Lower Saxony Monument Atlas
- Early medieval castle complex Steterburg , Braunschweigische Landschaft eV ( Memento from March 29, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hartmut Alder: Chronicle Steterburg , p. 11
- ^ Wolfgang Billig: Stiftskirche Steterburg , p. 11
- ↑ a b Brunswick landscape: Steterburg castle complex
- ↑ Wolfgang Billig: Stiftskirche Steterburg , p. 12
- ↑ Hartmut Alder: Chronicle Steterburg , p. 15
- ^ Kirstin Casemir: The place names of the district Wolfenbüttel and the city of Salzgitter . Verlag für Regionalgeschichte, 2003, ISBN 3-89534-483-4 , p. 309-313 .
- ↑ Hartmut Alder: Chronicle Steterburg , p. 40