Stiff Lolch
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Stiff Lolch ( Lolium rigidum ) |
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The Stiff Lolch ( Lolium rigidum ), also known as Stiff Lolch or Ray-Grass , is a species of plant from the genus Lolch ( Lolium ) within the sweet grass family (Poaceae).
description
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Vegetative characteristics
The Steif-Lolch is an annual herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 18 to 45, in extreme cases 6 to 70 centimeters. Each stalk has two to four nodes . The simple, bare, dark green leaves of the leaves are flat with a length of up to 17 centimeters and a width of 5 to 8 millimeters and evenly ribbed on the top. The underside of the leaf is smooth and shiny. The ligule reaches 1.5 millimeters in length.
Generative characteristics
The inflorescence is, as is typical for the genus Lolium , an ear , it is 3 to 30 centimeters long. It is characteristic of this species that its spikelets are partially or even completely sunk into the stiff inflorescence axis and completely covered by the glume , so that a smooth outer contour results. The spikelets are two- to eleven-flowered. All husks are usually awnless, rarely the lemma has an awn up to 10 millimeters long, sitting in front of the tip . The glumes are oblong-lanceolate and usually obtuse, rarely pointed or acuminate.
Occurrence
The original distribution area of Lolium rigidum stretches from North Africa through southern Europe to West Asia and further east to Pakistan , India and the Chinese provinces of Gansu and Henan . Was Introduced Lolium rigidum example, in Australia , as well as Lord Howe Iceland and Norfolk Iceland . In Australia, the stiff peep is also considered a weed in grain agriculture , especially since glyphosate and other herbicide-resistant populations have appeared for a long time . Lolium rigidum is one of the most difficult to control field weeds.
In Germany 's Lolium rigidum an in-naturalization neophyte .
Systematics
Within the genus Lolium , Lolium rigidum belongs to a clade with Lolium perenne , Lolium multiflorum and Lolium subulatum . According to genetic data, it is the species that was split off first with the others as a common sister group . According to the methods of the molecular clock , an age of the species is assumed to be around 1.4 million years. The ability of Lolium rigidum to form hybrids with the related species is controversial. Although hybrids are indicated and can be produced experimentally with at least Lolium perenne , the data indicate reproductive barriers between the species and the related species, which are not as freely crossable as, for example, Lolium perenne and Lolium multiflorum . Hybrids with Lolium subulatum were found to be sterile in males. According to a more recent phylogenetic analysis, Lolium subulatum is the sister taxon.
There are three subspecies :
- Lolium rigidum Gaudin subsp. rigidum , almost in the entire range of the species
- Lolium rigidum subsp. lepturoides (Boiss.) Sennen & Mauricio ( syn. Lolium loliaceum (Bory & Chaub.) Hand.-Mazz. ), spread from Sicily to the Crimea. Lolium subulatum Vis. was and is often regarded as a synonym for this subspecies, but represents a separate species.
- Lolium rigidum subsp. negevense Feinbrun , occurring in Israel and Jordan.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Lolium rigidum Gaudin, Steifer Lolch. In: FloraWeb.de.
- ↑ a b c C. J. Humphries: Lolium L. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 5: Alismataceae to Orchidaceae (Monocotyledones) . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1980, ISBN 0-521-20108-X , pp. 153-154 (English).
- ↑ MJ Owen, NJ Martinez, SB Powles: Multiple herbicide-resistant Lolium rigidum (annual ryegrass) now dominates across the Western Australian grain belt . In: Weed Research . tape 54 , no. 3 , 2014, p. 314-324 , doi : 10.1111 / wre.12068 .
- ↑ Kornelia Polok: Molecular evolution of the genus Lolium L. Studio Poligrafii Komputerowej "SQL". Olszyn (Poland) 2007, ISBN 978-83-88125-52-2 (PDF file) .
- ↑ Yajuan Cheng, Xiao Ma, Kai Zhou, Mike W. Humphreys, Xin Quan Zhang: Phylogenetic analysis of Festuca – Lolium complex using SRAP markers. In: Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. Volume 63, No. 1, 2016, pp. 7-18, DOI: 10.1007 / s10722-015-0324-5 .
- ↑ a b c Benito Valdés, Hildemar Scholz; Eckhard von Raab-Straube, Gerald Parolly (collaborators): Poaceae (pro parte majore). Lolium. In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2009.
- ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Lolium rigidum. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved November 11, 2016.
