Kallenberg quarry

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Quarry on the Kallenberg

The Kallenberg is a ridge in the Kraichgau on the district area of ​​the municipality of Eschelbronn in the Rhein-Neckar district in Baden-Württemberg . On it lies an abandoned quarry area that has been designated as a nature reserve Kallenberg and Kaiserberg since 1989 together with an old vineyard slope .

location

The Kallenberg is an estuary spur tapering to the west above the inlet of the Epfenbach approaching from the northeast , which flows into the Schwarzbach approaching from the southeast opposite the old town center of the village of Eschelbronn . The natural mountain ridge lies up to about 70 m above the brook bottoms on both sides.

The non-contiguous nature reserve Kallenberg and Kaiserberg with the number 2.120 has an area of ​​42 hectares, the larger part of which is taken up by the old quarry and adjacent areas, while the smaller comprises old vineyard areas, which are between the districts of Wengertsberg and Kaiserberg on the southern slope above the Schwarzbach extend. 91.33 percent of the area designated as a nature reserve is on Eschelbronner and 8.67 percent on Neidensteiner district.

history

Lead ore mining in the 18th century

On August 28, 1771, Johann Conrad Scholl, a resident of Eschelbronn, received a prospecting permit from the ruler of the Electorate of the Palatinate and was able to mine lead ore on the site . In addition, on application dated February 5, 1773, he received the area with a size of 200 × 100 laughs as an inheritance from the Count Palatine Karl Theodor and funded around 200 centers until April of the same year. He named the pit "Karlsglück" after the Count Palatine. However, there was an accident during the dismantling work in which an employee was killed in an accident. After the death of the mine operator Scholl in 1775, the indebted mine was initially closed and later taken over by his son-in-law Johann Alexander Dederlein, henceforth called "Alexanderglück", but closed over the following years due to poor profitability and pressure from the residents of Eschelbronn. According to the mine report of March 6, 1777, the mine was under water and weathered.

With an excavation permit from September 30, 1779, another miner named Flicker tried to dig in a pit on the Kallenberg, which, however, was terminated again after the last mine report from October 1783 due to insufficient productivity.

In the 17th century the search for galena was unsuccessful at Kallenberg . There were vineyards on the southern slope .

Rock mining for the construction of the railway line and biotope development

Stone knocking machine opposite the Eschelbronn train station

In 1861, the mining of shell limestone began on the south-western slope to build the Odenwaldbahn railway line . After a permit from 1888, the work could be supported with the help of a steam-powered machine. In 1891 the company delivered stones to the Mannheim cement factory and gravel to the railway administration. Opposite the station there was a stone hammering machine to break the broken rock to the required size and a loading station. The rock was transported by field train to the filling hoppers, under which the railroad cars to be loaded were located.

During the Nazi era , the Hitler Youth used the Kallenberg as a camp site. The quarrying was stopped in 1978 and left behind a quarry of 9.79 hectares with a rock slope up to 30 meters deep. Water collected in the pit to form the Kallenbergsee, which developed into a secondary biotope . This was fished and cleaned by recreational divers from Mannheim. As a result, both a wet and a dry biotope emerged .

Kallenberg nature reserve

The municipality of Eschelbronn took over the site in 1984 for 500,000 marks. The purchase, which was funded by the Baden-Württemberg Nature Conservation Fund with 120,000 Marks and by the Neckartal-Odenwald Nature Park with 80,000 Marks, saved the largest population of yellow-bellied toads in southwest Germany. The animals had colonized several ponds on the sole and were threatened by the previous owner, who had neglected recultivation measures and held motocross events on the grounds of the MSC Mauer . In addition, the Hetzenloch spring, which rises from the mountain below a small side blade in the Epfenbachaue, could be developed to supply the town with water.

Protected areas

In April 1985, an area of ​​4.87 hectares was designated as an extensive natural monument . On September 6, 1989, the area was expanded to 39.6 hectares and declared a nature reserve under the name Kallenberg and Kaiserberg . The NSG is part of the 4,943 hectare FFH area No. 6718-311 Nördlicher Kraichgau .

The local association of the BUND later stopped maintaining the nature reserve. In 2014, conservationists complained that neither the municipality nor the nature conservation authority felt responsible for the area and that negligent handling of visitors would damage the geotope.

Flora and fauna

Roach , rudd and large river mussels are native to Kallenbergsee . Common frogs and common toads spawn on the bank in spring. Next find yellow-bellied toads , the Alpine newt , newts and toads one habitat at Kalle mountain lake.

A common butterfly is the swallowtail . The moist and nutrient-rich soils favor the growth of pennywort , and dragonflies are attracted to the numerous pools .

and display information about the image
Landscape on the Kallenberg

literature

  • Joachim Friedel: The Kallenberg near Eschelbronn - a nature reserve . In: Kraichgau. Contributions to landscape and local research , volume 15/1997, pp. 33–55, published by Heimatverein Kraichgau , Eppingen 1997, ISBN 3-921214-14-9 [not evaluated]

See also

Web links

Commons : Kallenberg  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ According to Geodata Viewer, layer nature reserves.
  2. ↑ State Institute for the Environment, Measurements and Nature Conservation Baden-Württemberg ( Memento of the original from August 28, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / brsweb.lubw.baden-wuerttemberg.de
  3. ↑ Heimat- und Verkehrsverein: Eschelbronn - your home , 1957, The Karls- und Alexanderglück pits, page 97 f.
  4. ↑ Eschelbronn mayor's office: 1200 years of Eschelbronn 789–1989 , The cutting, sawing and grinding mill on the Schwarzbach ( Ziegler'sche Mühle ) , page 47
  5. ↑ Heimat- und Verkehrsverein: Eschelbronn - your home , 1957, lead and silver mines, page 95
  6. ↑ Advent Singing , Eschelbronn Local History and Tourist Association
  7. ↑ Wilfried Wolf: The time of the Nazi rule in 1200 years Eschelbronn, 789–1989 , page 298 ff.
  8. ↑ a b Joachim Friedel: The Kallenberg - a nature reserve! in 1200 years Eschelbronn 789–1989 , page 311 ff.
  9. ↑ Gunter Stier: "I vote now" , Howwl No. 11, Heimatblatt des Schreinerdorf Eschelbronn, May 1, 1987, page 31 ff.
  10. ↑ Joachim Friedel: The extensive natural monument Kallenberg , Howwl No. 11, Heimatblatt des Schreinerdorf Eschelbronn, May 1, 1987, page 29
  11. ↑ a b Eschelbronn: Is the Kallenberg gradually becoming a party zone? , Rhein-Neckar-Zeitung from April 24, 2014
  12. ↑ Dragonflies in the quarry in Kallenberg

Coordinates: 49 ° 19 ′ 32.3 ″  N , 8 ° 52 ′ 19.2 ″  E