Schwarzbach (Elsenz)

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Schwarzbach
Schwarzbach Bettweg Eschelbronn 03.jpg
Data
Water code DE : 238986
location Baden-Wuerttemberg
  Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis
  Rhein-Neckar-Kreis
River system Rhine
Drain over Elsenz  → Neckar  → Rhine  → North Sea
source One kilometer northeast of the center of Neunkirchen
49 ° 23 '47 "  N , 9 ° 0' 58"  E
Source height approx.  330  m above sea level NN
muzzle At the southern exit of Meckesheim from the right and east into the Elsenz coordinates: 49 ° 18 ′ 51 ″  N , 8 ° 49 ′ 20 ″  E 49 ° 18 ′ 51 ″  N , 8 ° 49 ′ 20 ″  E
Mouth height approx.  140  m above sea level NN
Height difference approx. 190 m
Bottom slope approx. 6.9 ‰
length 27.6 km
Catchment area 200.903 km²
Drain MQ
 2.21 m³ / s
Schwarzbach in Waibstadt

The Schwarzbach is a right tributary of the Elsenz in the north of Baden-Württemberg . On its 27-kilometer run it crosses the Kleiner Odenwald and the Kraichgau , touching the Neckar-Odenwald district and the Rhine-Neckar district .

geography

course

Schwarzbach in Neidenstein
Schwarzbach in Eschelbronn

The Schwarzbach rises about one kilometer outside of Neunkirchen . Its source is located at an altitude of 336  m above sea level. NN in the field off the road to Zwingenberg. It then flows in a south-south-west direction through Neunkirchen, the districts of the community of Schwarzach , whose name indicates a name that used to be different, and through Aglasterhausen .

Then the brook crosses the border to the Rhein-Neckar-Kreis and reaches the place Helmstadt . From then on, its course, which is now more westward, reaches Waibstadt after a total of around 17 km , where the Schwarzbach once formed the eastern and northern borders of the city fortifications. About Neidenstein and Eschelbronn , past the natural monument Kastanienallee he reaches the southern outskirts of Meckesheim , where he is at 140  m above sea level. NN flows into the Elsenz. On a longer section between Waibstadt and Eschelbronn, the watercourse divides into two arms, the actual Schwarzbach and the so-called “Little Bach”.

The Schwarzbach runs through two different soil landscapes: in the upper reaches the Buntsandstein- Odenwald and below Schwarzach the Kraichgau loess landscape. The middle and lower course of the valley intersects the layers of the upper and lower shell limestone , while the peaks on both sides of the mouth near Meckesheim are still covered by the lower Keuper .

Catchment area

The catchment area of ​​the Schwarzbach covers approx. 200 square kilometers; it takes up a large part of the northern arc that the Neckar describes between Bad Wimpfen and Neckargemünd . This makes the Schwarzbach the main drain of the Kleiner Odenwald. Its catchment area in the east extends very close to the Neckar, which is very deeply cut there, has a share in the district of Heilbronn in the southeast and is limited in the south by the Great Forest near Sinsheim . The catchment area of ​​the Lobbach borders in the northwest, many smaller tributaries of the Neckar compete in the north, east and south, in the south the watershed continues against the Elsenz and its tributaries.

The Schwarzbach drains a predominantly rural landscape; There are only two small towns here, Neckarbischofsheim and Waibstadt, but there are also many rural villages that are on the markings of the communities already mentioned, as well as those of Schönbrunn , Reichartshausen , Epfenbach , Spechbach , Sinsheim , Bad Rappenau , Siegelsbach , Hüffenhardt and Obrigheim .

Tributaries

Schwarzbach weir at the former Ziegler'schen Mühle (January 2015)

The largest tributaries of the Schwarzbach are:

More detailed inflow list:

lined up from the source to the mouth. Water lengths mostly according to LUBW-FG10 (data record entries), catchment area according to LUBW-GEZG, heights according to the contour line image of the geodata viewer. Different sources for information are noted.

Origin of the Schwarzbach about 1.0 km northeast of the center of Neunkirchen im Neurott next to the road to Zwingenberger Hof at about 330  m above sea level. NN .

  • Worzenwiesengraben , from the right in Neunkirchen, 0.85 km. Verdolt in the village.
  • Stream through the Kalte Klinge , from the right at the Schwarzacher Forsthaus, 2.284 km and 2.618 km².
  • Neuwiesenbach , from the right in Schwarzach-Unterschwarzach opposite the sports hall, 1.992 km and 1.633 km².
  • Grundgraben , from the right a little below in Unterschwarzach, 0.709 km and 0.633 km².
  • Asbach , from the left at the Aglasterhausener Neumühle, 6.735 km and 20.739 km².
  • Forellenbach , from the right at the Aglasterhausener Weilermühle, 9.104 km and 12.967 km².
  • Zellerwegbach , from the left in Helmstadt at the sports field, 3.361 km and 4.581 km².
  • Angeltalgraben , from the left in Helmstadt at the bridge on Asbacher Strasse, 0.983 km and 0.455 km².
  • Wollenbach , from the left in Helmstadt at the bridge on Rabanstrasse, 10.16 km and 44.334 km².
  • Plotzbacher Klingengraben , from the right at the end of Helmstadt, 0.995 km and 0.562 km².
  • Wartschaftsbach , also Viehtriebbach , from the right into the Helmstadt Jägerswiesen , 4.567 km and 9.990 km².
  • Valley ditch , from the left in the Neckarbischofsheimer Sponsloch , 1.527 km. Parallel riverside ditches.
  • Zeilgraben , from the left between the railway bridge of the Schwarzbachtalbahn and Waibstadt -Bernau, 0.686 km. Opposite floodplain ditch.
  • Storchenäckergraben , from the left in front of the railway bridge of the Krebsbachtalbahn and Bernau, 1.488 km and 1.096 km².
  • Wüstgrundgraben , from the right at the Neckarbischofsheim Nord train station, 1.539 km and 1.786 km².
  • Michelbach , from the left almost opposite the previous one, 1.217 km. Drains the fracture of the flat muzzle plane of the following.
  • Krebsbach , from the left at the beginning of a small chain of ponds, 12.705 km and 34.917 km².
  • Suiegraben , from the right towards the Weiherkette, 1.247 km.
  • Gehrengraben , from the right before the entrance to Waibstadt, 1.102 km.
  • Weiherwiesengraben , from the left in Waibstadt in front of the bridge at the train station, 2.725 km and 6.854 km². Shortly before the mouth of the river it takes on the 1.765 km long Old Krebsbach , a left branch of the Krebsbach above that runs along the left edge of the floodplain.
  • Kreggraben , from the right in Waibstadt after the road bridge of Neidensteiner Straße (L 549), 4.451 km and 3.399 km².
  • Erbischgraben , from the left at the old mill in Waibstadt, 1.566 km.
  • Eulsbachgraben , from the left in the same place as the previous one, 2.462 km and 2.646 km².
  • Departure of the Kleiner Bach , to the right into the floodplain at the boundary between Waibstadt and Neidenstein .
  • Kautschafgraben , from the left into the Schwarzbach itself, 1.79 km.
  • Dammblinge , from the left into the Schwarzbach itself, 0.876 km.
  • Kalkgraben , from the right in Neidenstein into the Kleine Bach , 1.503 km.
  • Flohnbach , from the right in Neidenstein into the Kleine Bach , 2.503 km.
  • Exit of the Neubach , to the left already on the Eschelbronn district shortly before the next into the floodplain.
  • Return of the Kleine Bach , from the right under Wengertsberg , 2.671 km and 4.758 km² (including the tributaries mentioned).
  • Bruchklingengraben , from the left on the outskirts of Eschelbronn in the Neubach , 1.183 km.
  • Weihergrundgraben , from the left after crossing the Neubach -Trasse a little after the Elsenzbrücke in Eschelbronn into the Schwarzbach itself, 2.664 km.
  • Epfenbach , from the right after the Eschelbronn train station in the Schwarzbach itself, 6.798 km and 15.323 km².
  • Steingmörtgraben , from the right into the Schwarzbach itself, 1.169 km.
  • Inflow from the Otterklinge , from the right shortly after crossing the Schwarzbach into the Meckesheimer district in the nature reserve before its confluence with the Schwarzbach itself, 0.835 km. Is previously on a section of the municipal boundary between Eschelbronn and Meckesheim.
  • The return of the Neubach into the Schwarzbach , from the left shortly after the previous one, 3.694 km.
  • Kreidelgraben , a few steps further from the left, 0.881 km.

Mouth of the Schwarzbach at the southern exit of Meckesheim next to Eschelsbronner Straße at about 140  m above sea level. NN from the right and east into Elsenz .

Drain

At the Eschelbronn gauge, after the inflow of the Epfenbach and thus at at least 192 of the approximately 201 km² total catchment area, the average discharge of the Schwarzbach is 2.2 cubic meters per second.

Human interventions

Schwarzbachaue near Meckesheim

Today, the course of the stream is strongly influenced by human intervention. In order to be able to use the flood plains for agriculture and operate numerous mills, the Schwarzbach was diverted as early as the Middle Ages. For the construction of the Odenwaldbahn from 1860–1862, the stream in the Eschelbronner Gewann Unteres Meckesheimer Wäldle was straightened. More recently, such measures have also served to develop new building areas.

So the black creek running in the local area of Neunkirchen today verdolt , and the mouth of cancer Bach in Waibstadt was east even two kilometers up the valley to the sewage treatment plant moved to its Talmündungstrichter. The Alte Krebsbach branching off there , which runs one and three quarters of a kilometer down the valley on the left edge of the Schwarzbachtal, is a remnant of the old route.

The 2004 water report classified the water of the Schwarzbach in quality class II (moderately polluted). Eleven species of fish were counted in the water, including the brook lamprey and various types of trout .

The Schwarzbach swells in heavy rainfall to many times its normal amount of water. The 10-year flood discharge reaches 56 m³ / s at the Eschelbronn gauge, that is, 25 times the mean discharge. After particularly severe floods in 1993/94, the special purpose association for flood protection catchment area Elsenz-Schwarzbach was founded with headquarters in Waibstadt, which is supposed to guarantee protection against a flood that occurs on average once every 100 years. In addition to conversions and renaturation, his measures also include the construction of numerous flood retention basins, three of them on the course of the Schwarzbach itself, in Aglasterhausen ("Bockwiese"), north of Helmstadt ("Heldewiesen") and east of Waibstadt ("Bernau"), four dozen others at the tributaries of the Schwarzbach.

natural reserve

The Schwarzbach lies along its entire length in the Neckartal-Odenwald Nature Park . Three nature reserves protect individual sections of the valley in particular:

  • The Waibstädter Schwarzbachaue nature reserve occupies 37 hectares between the sewage treatment plant at the mouth of the Krebsbach and Waibstadt. It was set up in 1984 to scientifically monitor the population development in the area of ​​nutrient-rich secondary treatment ponds in the sewage treatment plant.
  • The nature reserve Kallenberg and Kaiserberg on 42 hectares on the northern edge of the valley between Neidenstein and Eschelbronn has been protected since 1989 because of the great diversity of its biotope, in which a wide range of species can be found. See also Kallenberg quarry .
  • The nature reserve Unteres Schwarzbachtal has existed since 1997. As a "significant and typical landscape" it extends over 40 hectares from the railway bridge over the Schwarzbach below the Blosenberg to its confluence with the Elsenz.

Wildlife

Around 2015, the beaver , which is under species protection, spread across the Elsenz and also on the Schwarzbach.

traffic

The Schwarzbachtal is important for local and, to a certain extent, for regional road traffic. A north-west-south-east connection between the south and east of Heidelberg and the north of Heilbronn runs with the state road L 549 over its lower part and the mouth of the Krebsbach valley , but it is less important than the more important connection through the Elsenz valley and via Sinsheim. In the upper reaches between Waibstadt and Aglasterhausen, the B 292 accompanies the valley that connects Sinsheim and Mosbach .

The Badische Schwarzbachtalbahn , today a branch line, runs through the valley from Meckesheim up to Aglasterhausen. It is part of the former Baden Odenwaldbahn , which opened up the north of Baden from 1862 and has not continued to the east in the direction of Mosbach since 1945/49. The Krebsbachtalbahn branches off from it in Neckarbischofsheim and opens up the Krebsbachtal. However, after the cessation of passenger traffic on August 1, 2009, it is without regular traffic.

See also

Web links

Commons : Schwarzbach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b According to the contour line image of the geodata viewer.
  2. ↑ According to LUBW-FG10 (data record entry).
  3. ↑ Sum of the sub-catchment areas according to LUBW-GEZG (data record entries).
  4. ↑ After the polygon of the LUBW-FG10. On maps, the run continues beyond the dirt road through a small valley about 200-300 m uphill to the north-northeast to about 339  m above sea level. NN , through a wide strip of green next to fields, clearly recognizable on aerial photos.
  5. ↑ According to LUBW-GEZG, only 8.69 km² of the total catchment area are below the inflow.
  6. ↑ Helmut Schifferdecker: Supply and disposal facilities in 1200 years of Eschelbronn, 789–1989 , page 327 ff.
  7. ↑ Presentation of the goals on the website of the special purpose association for flood protection catchment area Elsenz-Schwarzbach ( Memento of the original from July 18, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / sslsites.de
  8. ↑ Geoportal Baden-Württemberg ( information ), LUBW nature reserve map layer.
  9. ↑ The beaver is on the move more and more often . ( rnz.de [accessed on February 5, 2017]).
  10. ↑ The beaver is now gnawing his way up the Schwarzbach . ( rnz.de [accessed on February 5, 2017]).