Stepan Sosnovyj

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Cyrillic ( Ukrainian )
Степан Миколайович Сосновий
Transl. : Stepan Mykolajovyč Sosnovyj
Transcr. : Stepan Mykolaovych Sosnovyj
Cyrillic ( Russian )
Степан Николаевич Сосновый
Transl .: Stepan Nikolaevič Sosnovyj
Transcr .: Stepan Nikolayevich Sosnovy

Stepan Mykolajowytsch Sosnowyj (born March 23, 1896 in Risdwjanka , now Sywaske, Russian Empire ; † March 26, 1961 in Kiev , Ukrainian SSR ) was a Ukrainian - Soviet agronomist and economist and author of the first comprehensive study of the Holodomor from 1932 to 1933 in Of Ukraine.

Life

Born in 1896 in a farming family. Together with his younger brother Timofei ( Тимофей ) he was orphaned at the age of 9. Thanks to the legal guardians, he graduated from the Kharkov Institute of Agriculture and Forestry as an agronomist.

In the interwar period he published several statistical works, mainly dealing with the leasing of land in the Ukrainian SSR. At the beginning of 1932 he was accused of having “anti-Marxist prejudices” and “stirring up a kulak mood”, whereupon he was forced to write a letter of resignation.

In the years 1932-1936 he worked as an agronomist in Yakymivka district in the Zaporizhia Oblast . He witnessed the Holodomor and later claimed that it was at this point that he developed an anti-Soviet sentiment.

In September 1941 he was offered a position in Moscow, but he declined and stayed in Kharkov, which was occupied by German troops shortly afterwards. Two of his sons, his mother-in-law and his sick wife stayed with him. At the end of November 1941 he was unemployed. On November 24, 1941 he got a job in the agricultural administration, where he worked as head of the economic statistics department. In July 1943 he visited Germany as part of a delegation of agronomists from the Kharkov region . In early August 1943, during the Soviet attack on Kharkov , his wife moved to Kiev with their sons Vladimir (1926) and Alexander (1927). From there they moved together to the Odessa region .

From September 13, 1942 to January 24, 1943, five articles by S. Sosnowyj appeared on the pages of the weekly newspaper "Novaja Ukraina" (New Ukraine) in Kharkov, analyzing the events of collectivization and the famine from 1932 to 1933 in the Ukraine were dedicated. In articles Sosnovyj analyzed the process of nationalization of the agricultural sector in the Ukrainian SSR and criticized the agricultural policy of the Bolsheviks. He noted that as the number of livestock decreased during the collectivization years, Ukrainian farmers lost their economic independence. When analyzing the role of the MTS, S. Sosnovyj showed that the creation and enforcement of these stations in Ukraine actually led to the creation of a state agricultural monopoly. Comparing the statistics with other years, including the lean years, he believed that Ukraine had enough grain from the 1932 crop to feed the population and even livestock. He noted that the excessive grain procurement plan was a killer factor for the farmers because every last grain was confiscated to accomplish the plan. Thanks to the use of the census data of the inhabitants of Soviet Ukraine from 1926 and a series of open statistical and economic collections from the 1930s, Sosnovyy was the first Ukrainian scientist to attempt to approximate the number of famine victims.

In 1943–1944, his article "The Truth About the 1932–1933 Famine in Ukraine" was reprinted in several other newspapers in the Occupied Territories.

His younger brother Timofei (d. 1983), a member of the OUN - M , emigrated abroad (Germany and later the USA), where he began to teach and contributed to the dissemination of his brother's research. On February 2nd and 5th, 1950, Stepan Sosnowyj's study was reprinted by the emigrant newspaper "Ukrainski Wisti" (German Ukrainian News ), which appeared in the German city of Neu-Ulm for expellees of Ukrainian origin. In the same year an article by S. Sosnovyj on the famine from 1932 to 1933 was published as a separate pamphlet and appeared in English translation in 1953 in the first volume of the document collection "The Black Deeds of the Kremlin", along with other evidence of the mass extermination of the Ukrainian people Farmers in the late 1920s and early 1930s.

post war period

After the war, he worked as an agronomist and economist without hiding his first and last name. On February 21, 1950, he was arrested by employees of the Ukrainian State Security Ministry after his former Kharkov employees testified against him. He was sentenced to 25 years in a forced labor camp, with 5 years of loss of rights and total confiscation of property. He served six years in a camp near Sheksna train station in Vologda Oblast . After his release, he suffered a disability and settled in the village of Pavlovka in Artsyz Raion in Odessa down. At that time his wife Maria Derbek had died. In 1956, at the age of 62, Stepan Sosnovyj married Euphrosyne Poremska a second time. Soon the couple moved to Kiev together with one of Stepan Sosnovy's sons. By a decision of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR on April 11, 1958, the loss of rights in relation to him was lifted and the criminal record was deleted. He died on March 26, 1961 at the age of 66.

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SURNAME Sosnovyj, Stepan
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Sosnovyj, Stepan Mykolaovych (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Ukrainian-Soviet agronomist and economist, author of the first comprehensive study of the Holodomor in Ukraine (1932–1933)
DATE OF BIRTH March 23, 1896
PLACE OF BIRTH Risdvyanka (now Sywaske), Russian Empire
DATE OF DEATH March 26, 1961
Place of death Kiev , Ukrainian SSR