Studs (shoe)
Studs on shoes used to be cylindrical, now often also elongated, treads under the sole of sports shoes, which provide better grip on soft ground (for example, grass). They are used in all sports played on turf such as soccer , rugby , American football and ultimate . The length of the studs is usually limited in order to avoid injuries, for example in football to 16 mm, which is why substitutes must show the linesman both soles of their shoes before entering the field - see football rules .
In the leisure sector, studs are now integrated into the shoe so that screwing on and changing is not necessary. In the professional sector, interchangeable studs or screw studs are used, so that studs of different lengths and materials (aluminum, leather) can be used with different space conditions.
For hard courts, stud shoes are used instead of cleats . The principle is the same, the cams are built into the sole, generally softer and more in number. In the field of athletics , spikes are used instead of studs , i. H. Screw-on nails, used to prevent slipping on the lanes.
history
On December 24, 1925, Ludwig Wacker from Zweibrücken received the patent 443311 for “studs for soccer and similar sports shoes”. These screw studs were attached to leather strips.
On August 1, 1930, Venustus Eigler from Oberstdorf received the patent 530454 for "Interchangeable cleats for football and similar shoes". Here the studs were attached to a plate under the shoe.
On January 31, 1937, the sports shoe manufacturer Walter Kogelboom from Krefeld received the patent 665969 for "screw-on anti-skid cleats for football boots and similar footwear". Here the studs were attached to a plate that was attached to the shoe with a counter plate.
On February 1, 1948, master shoemaker Albert Bünn from Preetz near Kiel applied for a patent for “screw-in football cleats”. Here the studs, which had an internal thread, were attached to screws protruding from the sole.
On August 30, 1949, the master shoemaker Alexander Salot from Bremen-Blumenthal received the patent 815761 for "football boots or the like with exchangeable anti-skid studs". With these screw-in studded shoes, Blumenthaler SV became Bremen national champions three times in a row in 1950 and later.
On November 20, 1952, Adolf Dassler , founder of Adidas , filed an auxiliary utility model application for a "socket with a continuous threaded hole to accommodate studs attached below the sole of a sports shoe" at the patent office in Munich .
The screw-in studded shoes from Puma and Adidas , headed by Rudolf and Adolf Dassler , were made ready for series production . In the victorious final of the German championship in May 1954 , the screw studs from Hannover 96 were used.
Adolf Dassler equipped the German national soccer team with studded shoes, which sensationally beat Hungary 3-2 in the World Cup final on July 4, 1954 (the so-called “ miracle of Bern ”).
The Dutch professional footballer Kees Rijvers surprised his new teammates at AS Saint-Étienne with it in the summer of 1951.
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ Patent from 1925 ( Memento of the original dated November 17, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF) Ludwig Wacker , cleats for soccer and similar sports shoes (PDF; 105 kB)
- ↑ Patent from 1930 ( Memento of the original from November 17, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF) Venustus Eigler , Interchangeable cleats for soccer and similar shoes (PDF; 105 kB)
- ↑ Patent from 1937 (PDF) Walter Kogelboom , screw-on anti-skid cleats for football boots and similar footwear (PDF)
- ↑ Patent from 1949 (PDF) Alexander Salot , football boots or the like with exchangeable anti-skid studs
- ↑ Video Who is the inventor in the ZDFmediathek , accessed on December 28, 2009. (offline)
- ↑ Football boots - with thread . In: Der Spiegel . No. 9 , 1950, pp. 28 ( online ).
- ↑ Football History - The Miracle of Bremen ( Memento of the original from September 5, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. in sueddeutsche.de, on September 1, 2009.
- ↑ utility model auxiliary application dated 20/11/1952 , Adolf Dassler
