Swynrow

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Swynrow
community Gützkow
Coordinates: 53 ° 56 ′ 22 ″  N , 13 ° 25 ′ 20 ″  E
Height : 19 m above sea level NHN
Swynrow (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania)
Swynrow

Location of Swynrow in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania

Swynrow is a deserted area in the Feldmark of the municipality of Gützkow in the northwest of the Vorpommern-Greifswald district .

Swynrow deserted with soil discolouration

geography

The desert lies one kilometer north of Gützkow and is bounded by the steep slope on the so-called "Schiefenberg" to the river bed of the Swinow and the Gützkow bypass, the federal road 111 . The Feldmark lies between 19 and 29 m above sea ​​level and is relatively flat, but slightly rising to the north.

history

The entire area surrounding the desert is or was an archaeological focus area. From the Neolithic (3500 to 1700 BCE ) the large stone grave (100 m east), the Neolithic find of a dugout canoe from 1920 (100 m south) and other individual finds from this time are known. Further settlement findings emerged from various individual finds up to the year 2000. With the construction of the bypass for the B 111, several large complexes of finds were uncovered and excavated. The finds were spectacular, especially the Bronze Age (1700 to 600 BCE) nave and the many associated settlement findings with storage pits , workplaces, fireplaces, ceramics, etc. A simultaneous urn burial field was found, but not affected by the construction. The Fund spectrum was known from the documents Kalandshöfe from the early Middle Ages completed their homestead foundations were uncovered during the excavations.

Early Slavic finds from Swynrow

In between, the Swynrow desert, located in the immediate vicinity, belongs. This settlement was not excavated, its size and function could be deduced from the documentary evidence and the archaeological finds. The spectrum of finds dates from the early to the late Slavic period, i.e. covers the period from approx. 600 to 1200, but, like the documentary evidence, also goes back to the early German period (1230 to 1400). The main finds were around 2000 ceramic shards, brickwork clay , fireplaces, iron slag, glow and smoothing stones and tools (spindle whorls, bone combs, etc.). The finds suggest an important ceramic workshop, but also iron processing. In addition to water, the area offers a clay pit and the occurrence of lawn iron stone .

Broken seal (diameter 50 mm) - Count Johann I von Gützkow approx. 1250 - Find from the Swynrow desert

In older cadastral maps, a piece of land with the name "Dbodstell" is entered on Schiefenberg. From the historical records, a village settlement with the name "Zwinrowe" ( Pomeranian document book ) is still known in 1321 , which is associated with the "Dbodstell". It was named after the nearby Swinowbach, which was derived from the Wendish word meaning pig. Also known from the field names is a pig's wallow on the Swinowbach.

On January 16, 1321 Adam von Winterfeld and his brothers Dietrich (knight) and Martin (squire) gave the St. Nikolai Church in Greifswald 30 Marks income from 7½ hooves in Swinrowe, a village in the Gützkower Feldmark. It was named in the certificate with: "triginta marcarum redditus in villam Zwinrowe" .

Also the name of the field lying there with "Swinrower Feld" from the certificate of approval of Count Johann III. von Gützkow for the city from the year 1353 and many later same names indicate the equality of "Dbodstell" with the settlement "Swynrow".

The finds since 2000 and the clear discoloration of the soil on an area of ​​at least 150 by 40 meters confirm this earlier assumption.

An outstanding find was in 2013, when a broken piece of a seal from Count Johann I of Gützkow from around 1250 was found on the site of the Swynrow desert . Signets from a deceased were usually broken and, if possible, melted down to prevent abuse. With a similar piece by Prince Wizlaw III. von Rügen had previously found a broken seal from the high nobility for the first time in the north near Stralsund in 2012 . The Gützkower Fund was the second. Later, the finds increased (e.g. Duke Wartislaw III. ), As the search for metal detectors has now been increasingly permitted by the ground monument conservation department. How this piece got into the desert is unclear, but it could have something to do with the proven metalworking there, possibly the seal pieces were supposed to be melted down there and one thing was lost.

literature

  • Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Duchy of Pomerania and the Principality of Rügen. IV. Part Volume II, Anklam 1868, pp. 136-216 ( Google Books ).
  • Walter Ewert : Gützkow, the count town on the Peene. Gützkow 1935.

Individual evidence

  1. State Office for Culture and Monument Preservation : The A 20 motorway - Northern Germany's longest excavation. Schwerin 2005, p. 49 ff.
  2. Pommersches Urkundenbuch (PUB), Volume 6, Part 1, No. 3446, p. 2.
  3. Johann Carl Dähnert : Collection of common and special Pomeranian and Rügischer provincial documents, laws, privileges, contracts, constitutions and regulations. Volume 2, Struck, Stralsund 1767, No. 120, p. 447 ff. (Full text with complete translation, digitized version )

Web links