Synagogue (Haigerloch)
The Synagogue Haigerloch the Jewish community Haigerloch was inaugurated on May 30, the 1,783th The synagogue was so damaged during the November pogroms on the morning of November 10, 1938 that a service was no longer possible. Today the building houses a museum and a memorial .
History up to the November pogroms
In the Jewish protection letter from 1595, the Jews in Haigerloch were guaranteed religious freedom. At that time, a Jewish school (synagogue) was probably set up in a private house in the Jewish residential area of Haag in the Upper Town, the exact location of which is unknown.
The Haigerloch synagogue goes back to a building application from Jews to the Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen in 1782 , which was approved in return for a payment of 100 guilders or an annual base rate of three guilders. To finance the construction, a princely collection letter allowed the money to be collected in a collection from foreign Jews . The synagogue was inaugurated on May 30, 1783, a year later.
However, it soon turned out that the synagogue was too small because the Jewish community was growing rapidly. Between 1839 and 1840, after lengthy financial disputes between the Jewish community and the princely administration, the synagogue was rebuilt and expanded.
An extension and the installation of new galleries finally created space for 294 people in the synagogue. The renovation cost 1,758 guilders 47 Kreuzer , of which the prince contributed 150 guilders in June 1839. A large part of the facility was financed by donations. The Torah scroll , which alone had a value of 1,000 guilders, was acquired with the help of a lottery win .
In 1930 the synagogue was thoroughly renovated by the Jewish community. The re-inauguration took place on September 21, 1930 in the presence of representatives of the state, the Israelite religious community Württemberg and the Christian churches.
After the National Socialists came to power , reprisals against the Jewish population followed. In the nationwide pogroms on the night of November 9-10, 1938, the Haigerloch synagogue was ultimately not spared.
On the morning of November 10, the synagogue, the Jewish school and community center and the Rose restaurant were attacked by around 45 members of the SA and SA reserve from Sulz am Neckar . The furnishings in the synagogue were destroyed, windows were smashed and doors opened forcibly, benches and ritual objects were thrown into the courtyard. The responsible district leader in Horb had the gendarmerie prevent subsequent destruction by fire . However, the building had become unusable for use as a place of worship. The synagogue's Torah scroll survived the devastation because it was hidden by a Christian family during the Nazi era. The receipt of boxes and bags for other items was acknowledged by the Jewish community on January 9th and January 30th.
Story from after the destruction to the surrender
Since the reconstruction of destroyed synagogues was not permitted according to an order of the chief of the security police, the owner, i.e. the Jewish community, was obliged to clear the ruins of the synagogue. However, the building was not torn down. The synagogue building, the associated ritual bath ( mikveh ) and the property of 55 ares were bought by the city for 3,000 RM with the purpose of setting up a gymnasium there, but at a fraction of the market value . For this purpose, various renovations were carried out on the building until they were demolished in 1942 due to a shortage of materials. Since April 1944, the former synagogue has been rented to Lufthansa AG as storage space. In April 1945 the roof was badly damaged by shell fire.
History since the end of World War II
The desecration of the synagogue had legal consequences for 17 defendants after the end of the Second World War. They were sentenced from a total of 23 defendants in December 1947 to prison terms of between three and ten months. The higher regional court in Tübingen confirmed the judgments in an appeal .
A restitution process , led by the Jewish Religious Community Wuerttemberg in Stuttgart, in 1949 against the city of Haigerloch finally ended with a comparison . The city recognized the nullity of the purchase contract from 1939 and thus had to surrender the property to the Kultusvereinigung, since no Jewish community in Haigerloch could become the legal successor. In return, the city received RM 1,000 for the maintenance of the building.
The Israelische Kultusvereinigung Württemberg sold the building and several properties to private buyers on December 19, 1951. The former synagogue was redesigned through extensive renovations and restorations caused by war damage that it completely lost its appearance as a synagogue. The building was used as a movie theater until the 1960s . After that, a food market and from 1981 to 1999 a warehouse of a textile company were housed in the building.
On the 50th anniversary of the Reichspogromnacht in 1988, the Former Synagogue Haigerloch discussion group was set up , the aim of which is to use the building as intended. After lengthy negotiations with the private owner, the city of Haigerloch was able to repurchase the building in 1999. This was done to a significant extent through sponsorship money , which the discussion group was able to raise.
Between 2001 and 2003 structural changes were made in order to set up a museum on the history of the Jews who once lived in Hohenzollern. The inauguration ceremony took place on November 9, 2003 with a memorial hour in the presence of former Jewish community members. The House of History Baden-Württemberg took over the conception and realization of the exhibition. The museum was finally inaugurated on June 13, 2004 and is home to the permanent exhibition for securing evidence - Jewish life in Hohenzollern . The history of the Jews in Haigerloch , Hechingen and Dettensee is remembered with original objects and interviews with contemporary witnesses .
See also
literature
- Karl Werner Steim: The 1938 Jewish pogrom in Haigerloch. In: Heimatkundliche Blätter Balingen (or Zollernalb) Jg. 35 (1988), pp. 663–664.
Web links
- Homepage Discussion Group Former Haigerloch Synagogue
- The Haigerloch synagogue near Alemannia Judaica
- Former synagogue in Haigerloch in the House of History in Baden-Württemberg
- The Haigerloch synagogue on the homepage of the city of Haigerloch
- Lexicon of the Jewish communities in the German-speaking area entry Haigerloch
Coordinates: 48 ° 21 '52.4 " N , 8 ° 48' 22.1" E